Dark matters on the scale of galaxies

Abstract

The cold dark matter model successfully explains both the emergence and evolution of cosmic structures on large scales and, when we include a cosmological constant, the properties of the homogeneous and isotropic Universe. However, the cold dark matter model faces persistent challenges on the scales of galaxies. {Indeed,} N-body simulations predict some galaxy properties that are at odds with the observations. These discrepancies are primarily related to the dark matter distribution in the innermost regions of the halos of galaxies and to the dynamical properties of dwarf galaxies. They may have three different origins: (1) the baryonic physics affecting galaxy formation is still poorly understood and it is thus not properly included in the model; (2) the actual properties of dark matter differs from those of the conventional cold dark matter; (3) the theory of gravity departs from General Relativity. Solving these discrepancies is a rapidly evolving research field. We illustrate some of the solutions proposed} within the cold dark matter model, and solutions when including warm dark matter, self-interacting dark matter, axion-like particles, or fuzzy dark matter. { We also illustrate some modifications of the theory of gravity: Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), MOdified Gravity (MOG), and $f(R)$ gravity.

arXiv comment70 pages; 27 Figures; Invited Review accepted for publication on Universe. Special Issue "Theories of Gravity: Alternatives to the Cosmological and Particle Standard Models"

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• Measuring Dark Matter Profiles Non-Parametrically in Dwarf Spheroidals: An Application to Draco
• The distribution of mass components in simulated disc galaxies
• The Core-Cusp Problem in Cold Dark Matter Halos and Supernova Feedback: Effects of Oscillation
• The abundance of galaxy clusters in MOND: Cosmological simulations with massive neutrinos
• Improved Limits on Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter using Full-Sky Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Data
• A scaling-relation for disc galaxies: circular-velocity gradient versus central surface brightness
• The Extraordinary `Superthin' Spiral Galaxy UGC7321. II. The Vertical Disk Structure
• Addressing the too big to fail problem with baryon physics and sterile neutrino dark matter
• The Galactic Halo in Mixed Dark Matter Cosmologies
• Ghostly Galaxies as Solitons of Bose-Einstein Dark Matter
• Perseus I and the NGC 3109 association in the context of the Local Group dwarf galaxy structures
• An observer's guide to the (Local Group) dwarf galaxies: predictions for their own dwarf satellite populations
• Systematic biases on galaxy haloes parameters from Yukawa-like gravitational potentials
• The universal rotation curve of low surface brightness galaxies IV: the interrelation between dark and luminous matter
• Theia: Faint objects in motion or the new astrometry frontier
• The fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics
• Testing the two planes of satellites in the Centaurus Group
• Relaxation of the cosmological constant at inflation?
• HI Imaging Observations of Superthin Galaxies. II. IC2233 and the Blue Compact Dwarf NGC2537
• MOND Prediction for the Velocity Dispersion of the `Feeble Giant' Crater II
• Dynamical Evidence of a Solitonic Core of $10^9{M}_{\odot }$ in the Milky Way
• Modified gravity black hole lensing observables in weak and strong field of gravity
• Probing dark matter with star clusters: a dark matter core in the ultra-faint dwarf Eridanus II
• Accretion of the Magellanic system onto the Galaxy
• The MOND Fundamental Plane
• Resolving the Disc-Halo Degeneracy I: A Look at NGC 628
• Evolution of spiral galaxies in modified gravity: II- Gas dynamics
• Axions and the Galactic Angular Momentum Distribution
• Cosmological simulations in MOND: the cluster scale halo mass function with light sterile neutrinos
• Modified gravity revealed along geodesic tracks
• The cold dark matter content of Galactic dwarf spheroidals: no cores, no failures, no problem
• The Link between the Baryonic Mass Distribution and the Rotation Curve Shape
• Constraining f(R) gravity with PLANCK data on galaxy cluster profiles
• Observed Properties of Dark Matter: dynamical studies of dSph galaxies
• Cosmological Simulation for Fuzzy Dark Matter Model
• The Satellite Luminosity Function of M101 into the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Regime
• Testing an exact $f(R)$-gravity model at Galactic and local scales
• Bar slowdown and the distribution of dark matter in barred galaxies
• Multiple Ultralight Axionic Wave Dark Matter and Astronomical Structures
• Evidences against cuspy dark matter halos in large galaxies
• Using dwarf satellite proper motions to determine their origin
• Halo density reduction by baryonic settling?
• The effect of Warm Dark Matter on galaxy properties: constraints from the stellar mass function and the Tully-Fisher relation
• Search for neutrino emission from relic dark matter in the Sun with the Baikal NT200 detector
• A Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of the faint M31 satellites And XV and And XVI
• Dissipative Dark Matter and the Andromeda Plane of Satellites
• Galaxy rotation curves in modified gravity models
• The Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR): the crucial cases of Dwarf Discs and of Low Surface Brightness galaxies
• The Influence of a Kinematically Cold Young Component on Disc-Halo Decompositions in Spiral Galaxies: Insights from Solar Neighbourhood K-giants
• The galaxy - dark matter halo connection: which galaxy properties are correlated with the host halo mass?
• Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in MOG: Gravitational Lensing
• The alignment of SDSS satellites with the VPOS: effects of the survey footprint shape
• Stellar Populations and the Star Formation Histories of LSB Galaxies: I. Optical and H-alpha Imaging
• Axion-photon mixing in quantum field theory and vacuum energy
• Tracing the Dynamical Mass in Galaxy Disks Using HI Velocity Dispersion and its Implications for the Dark Matter Distribution in Galaxies
• A discrete chemo-dynamical model of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5846: dark matter fraction, internal rotation and velocity anisotropy out to six effective radii
• Universal Two-body Physics in Dark Matter near an S-wave Resonance
• Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxies from the PSS-II --- II. Optical Properties
• Modified Gravity (MOG) fits to observed radial acceleration of SPARC galaxies
• Implications for dwarf spheroidal mass content from interloper removal
• Non-circular motions and the cusp-core discrepancy in dwarf galaxies
• Gravitational waves in Einstein-Æther theory and generalized TeVeS theory after GW170817
• Massive Disks in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• NGC 1052-DF2 And Modified Gravity (MOG) Without Dark Matter
• A low pre-infall mass for the Carina dwarf galaxy from disequilibrium modelling
• Constraints on Chameleon f(R)-Gravity from Galaxy Rotation Curves of the SPARC Sample
• MOND as Modified Inertia
• Muon-induced neutrons do not explain the DAMA data
• Testing the origin of ~3.55 keV line in individual galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton
• A $f(R)$-gravity model of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich profile of the Coma cluster compatible with {\it Planck} data
• The mass-metallicity relation of tidal dwarf galaxies
• Probing the physical and mathematical structure of $f(R)$ gravity by PSR $J0348+0432$
• Gas Rich Dwarfs from the PSS-II III. HI Profiles and Dynamical Masses
• Does the Second Caustic Ring of Dark Matter Cause the Monoceros Ring of Stars ?
• Simulating galaxy formation in f(R) modified gravity: Matter, halo, and galaxy-statistics
• Thin disk of co-rotating dwarfs: a fingerprint of dissipative (mirror) dark matter?
• The ultra-diffuse dwarf galaxies NGC 1052-DF2 and 1052-DF4 are in conflict with standard cosmology
• The prediction of rotation curves in gas-dominated dwarf galaxies with modified dynamics
• On the stability of a galactic disk in modified gravity
• N-body simulations of the Carina dSph in MOND
• Wave Dark Matter and Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
• Embedding globular clusters in dark matter minihalos solves the cusp-core and timing problems in the Fornax dwarf galaxy
• On the universality of MOG weak field approximation at galaxy cluster scale
• Considerations on how to investigate planes of satellite galaxies
• On the Structural Differences between Disk and Dwarf Galaxies
• Orbital decay of Globular Clusters in the galaxy with little dark matter
• Towards a higher mass for NGC1052-DF2: an analysis based on full distribution functions
• Duration of classicality in highly degenerate interacting Bosonic systems
• A scenario for ultra-diffuse satellite galaxies with low velocity dispersions: the case of [KKS 2000]04
• $f(R)$ gravity modifications: from the action to the data
• Detection of satellite remnants in the Galactic Halo with Gaia III. Detection limits for Ultra Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Tidal stirring of satellites with shallow density profiles prevents them from being too big to fail
• Exact cosmological solutions for MOG
• Testing MOG, Non-Local Gravity and MOND with rotation curves of dwarf galaxies
• Matter Power Spectra in Viable $f(R)$ Gravity Models with Dynamical Background
• Starburst galaxies
• Space Debris -- Optical Measurements
• Gravitational self-interactions of a degenerate quantum scalar field
• Testing modified gravity with dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• The potential role of NGC 205 in generating Andromeda's vast thin co-rotating plane of satellite galaxies
• Young tidal dwarf galaxies cannot be used to probe dark matter in galaxies
• Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers
• $R^n$ gravity is kicking and alive: the cases of Orion and NGC 3198
• Dynamics of DiskMass Survey galaxies in refracted gravity
• MIND THE GAP: Is The Too Big To Fail Problem Resolved?
• The Mass Growth and Stellar Ages of Galaxies: Observations versus Simulations
• On the gravitational stability and mass estimation of stellar disks
• Nonsingular density profiles of dark matter halos and Strong gravitational lensing
• Toomre stability of disk galaxies in quasi-linear MOND
• The Structural and Kinematic Evolution of Central Star Clusters in Dwarf Galaxies and Their Dependence on Dark Matter Halo Profiles
• Dynamical Regularities in Galaxies
• Testing MOG theory in the Milky Way
• Testing the Dark Matter Caustic Theory Against Observations in the Milky Way
• Modified Baryonic Dynamics: two-component cosmological simulations with light sterile neutrinos
• Giant low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy as a test bench for MOdified Gravity
• A Gaia DR2 search for dwarf galaxies towards Fermi-LAT sources: implications for annihilating dark matter
• Re-interpretation of "Bar slowdown and the distribution of dark matter in barred galaxies" by Athanassoula
• Rotation curves of galaxies and the stellar mass-to-light ratio
• Reconstruction of f(R) gravity models from observations
• ESA Voyage 2050 white paper -- Faint objects in motion: the new frontier of high precision astrometry
• Characterising bars in low surface brightness galaxies
• Stellar Bar evolution in the absence of dark matter halo
• Dynamics of the Disks of Nearby Galaxies
• Mass models of disk galaxies from the DiskMass Survey in MOND
• Linear cosmological perturbations in Scalar-tensor-vector gravity
• Effects of a caustic ring of dark matter on the distribution of stars and interstellar gas
• Simulating disk galaxies and interactions in Milgromian dynamics
• Contradiction between strong lensing statistics and a feedback solution to the cusp/core problem
• Not enough stellar Mass Machos in the Galactic Halo
• Angular momentum transfer and the size - mass relation in early - type galaxies
• The dynamics of the bulge dominated galaxy NGC 7814 in MOND
• Interacting Galaxies with MOND
• A Revised Velocity for the Globular Cluster GC-98 in the Ultra Diffuse Galaxy NGC1052-DF2
• Warm dark matter model with a few keV mass is bad for the too-big-to-fail problem
• The establishment of the Standard Cosmological Model through observations
• Disk stability under MONDian gravity
• Astrophysical Tests of Dark Matter with Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer
• Distribution of Phantom Dark Matter in Dwarf Spheroidals
• Critical take on "Mass models of disk galaxies from the DiskMass Survey in MOND"
• Viability tests of \textit{f(R)}-gravity models with Supernovae Type 1A data
• Can MONDian vector theories explain the cosmic speed up ?
• Low-mass disc galaxies and the issue of stability: MOND vs dark matter
• Tidal dwarf candidates in a sample of interacting galaxies

Cited by in corpus (57)

• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Sterile Neutrinos
• A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
• Brief Review of Recent Advances in Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy
• Orbital precession of the S2 star in Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity
• $f(R)$-gravity after the detection of the orbital precession of the S2 star around the Galactic centre massive black hole
• New Roads to the Small-Scale Universe: Measurements of the Clustering of Matter with the High-Redshift UV Galaxy Luminosity Function
• GALLUMI: A Galaxy Luminosity Function Pipeline for Cosmology and Astrophysics
• Unveiling the nature of SgrA* with the geodesic motion of S-stars
• Exploiting the Einstein Telescope to solve the Hubble tension
• A gravitational-wave limit on the Chandrasekhar mass of dark matter
• The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
• Bounding the mass of ultralight bosonic Dark Matter particles with the motion of the S2 star around Sgr A*
• Direct measurement of the distribution of dark matter with strongly lensed gravitational waves
• Constraining Energy-Momentum-Squared Gravity by binary pulsar observations
• Molecular Chemistry for Dark Matter III: DarkKROME
• Non-relativistic limit of embedding gravity as General Relativity with dark matter
• The cusp-core problem in gas-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Schwarzschild Black Hole Surrounded by Perfect Fluid Dark Matter in the presence of Quintessence Matter Field
• Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
• Constraining $\Lambda$CDM cosmological parameters with Einstein Telescope mock data
• Constraining MOdified Gravity with the S2 Star
• Gravitational Theory of Cosmology, Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters
• A Proposed Network to Detect Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter
• Dark photon production via elastic proton bremsstrahlung with non-zero momentum transfer
• Cosmic Cartography: Bayesian reconstruction of the galaxy density informed by large-scale structure
• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
• Dark matter from non-relativistic embedding gravity
• Vacuum polarization instead of "dark matter" in a galaxy
• The proper motion of stars in dwarf galaxies: distinguishing central density cusps from cores
• The dynamics of three nearby E0 galaxies in refracted gravity
• Dynamics of dwarf galaxies in $f(R)$ gravity
• Probing modified Newtonian dynamics with hypervelocity stars
• Observational Probes of the Neutron Star Equation of State with Hyperons, Bosonic Dark Matter, and Quark Matter
• Density perturbations in axion-like particles: classical vs quantum field treatment
• On exotic objects made of dark energy and dark matter: Mass-to-radius profiles and tidal Love numbers
• Influence of dark matter on the structure of strange quark stars in one-fluid model
• Cosmic Cartography II: completing galaxy catalogs for gravitational-wave cosmology
• Dark Coincidences: Small-Scale Solutions with Refracted Gravity and MOND
• Possible types of dark matter condensation in embedding gravity
• Limiting the Yukawa Gravity through the Black Hole Shadows of Sgr A* and M87*
• Non-Perturbative Aspects of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
• Measuring the boson mass of fuzzy dark matter with stellar proper motions
• General relativistic quasi-spherical accretion in a dark matter halo
• Refracted Gravity Solutions from Small to Large Scales
• Dynamics of Dwarf Galaxies in Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity
• The stability of galaxies in an expanding universe obtained by Newtonian dynamics
• Disk galaxies and their dark halos as self-organized patterns
• I-Love-Q Relations of Fermion-Boson Stars
• State of the Art in Direct Dark Matter Detectors: Technologies, Performance, and Future Directions
• Structure of cosmic web in non-linear regime: the nearest neighbour and spherical contact distributions
• Dwarf galaxies in non-local gravity
• Two fluid CFL strange quark stars with scalar dark matter: critical mass and mass gap implications
• The Galactic Pizza: Flat Rotation Curves in the Context of Cosmological Time-Energy Coupling
• Late time cosmological solutions in $f(R,T)$ gravity in a viscous Universe