New CAST Limit on the Axion-Photon Interaction

Abstract

During 2003--2015, the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has searched for $a\to \gamma$ conversion in the 9 T magnetic field of a refurbished LHC test magnet that can be directed toward the Sun. In its final phase of solar axion searches (2013--2015), CAST has returned to evacuated magnet pipes, which is optimal for small axion masses. The absence of a significant signal above background provides a world leading limit of $g_{a\gamma }<0.66\times 10^{-10}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ (95% C.L.) on the axion-photon coupling strength for $m_a\lesssim 0.02$ eV. Compared with the first vacuum phase (2003--2004), the sensitivity was vastly increased with low-background x-ray detectors and a new x-ray telescope. These innovations also serve as pathfinders for a possible next-generation axion helioscope.

arXiv commentSecond version after referees comments (post-print). Published version available Open Access at https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys4109

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• Exploration of the polarization angle variability of the Crab Nebula with POLARBEAR and its application to the search for axion-like particles
• Photon-axion mixing in thermal emission of isolated neutron stars
• Axion-Like Particle Searches with IACTs
• Resonant Electric Probe to Axionic Dark Matter
• Sensitivity of Proposed Search for Axion-induced Magnetic Field using Optically Pumped Magnetometers
• Revisiting isocurvature bounds in models unifying the axion with the inflaton
• Search for an axion-induced oscillating electric dipole moment for electrons using atomic magnetometers
• NuSTAR as an Axion Helioscope
• Axionlike-particle generation by laser-plasma interaction
• Probing Dark Matter Axions using the Hyperfine Structure Splitting of Hydrogen Atoms
• First Results from ABRACADABRA-10cm: A Search for Low-Mass Axion Dark Matter
• A possible blazar spectral irregularity case caused by photon--axionlike-particle oscillations
• Ghost Imaging of Dark Particles
• Bounds on heavy axions with an X-ray free electron laser
• A New Method for Detecting Axion With Cylindrical Superconductor
• Relevance of VHE Blazar Spectra Models with Axion-Like Particles
• New Interpretations of the Cosmological Preference for a Negative Neutrino Mass
• Constraining Axion-Like Particles Dark Matter in Coma Berenices with FAST
• Particle detection and tracking with DNA
• Measuring axion gradients with photon interferometry (MAGPI)
• Weak Gravitational Lensing in Ricci-Coupled Kalb-Ramond Bumblebee Gravity: Global Monopole and Axion-Plasmon Medium Effects
• Renormalization of effective field theories via on-shell methods: the case of axion-like particles
• Leptophilic Axion-like Particles at Forward Detectors
• Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics
• $R^2$ Gravity Effects on the Kinetic Axion Phase Space
• A power spectrum approach to the search for Axion-like Particles from resolved galaxy clusters using CMB as a backlight
• Kinetic Axion Dark Matter in String Corrected $f(R)$ Gravity
• B-modes from Post-inflationary Gravitational Waves Sourced by Axionic Instabilities at Cosmic Reionization
• Probing photon-ALP oscillations from the MAGIC observations of FSRQ QSO B1420+326
• Prospects for Axion Dark Matter Searches at LISA-like Interferometers
• Hunting Galactic Axion Dark Matter with Gravitationally Lensed Fast Radio Bursts
• Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope: CD102 Analysis Details
• Searching for relativistic axions in the sky
• Aspects of Axions and ALPs Phenomenology
• The Axion and the Goldstone Higgs
• Time-domain properties of electromagnetic signals in a dynamical axion background
• Probing axion dark matter with 21cm fluctuations from minihalos
• Solutions to axion electromagnetodynamics and new search strategies of sub-$\mu$eV axion
• GRB 221009A: Spectral signatures based on ALPs candidates
• Axion Bounds from Quantum Technology
• New Technologies for Axion and Dark Photon Searches
• Optical circular polarization induced by axionlike particles in blazars
• A Light QCD Axion with Hilltop Misalignment
• Resonant feedback for axion and hidden sector dark matter searches
• Interference-assisted resonant detection of axions
• Probing the axion-photon coupling with space-based gravitational waves detectors
• Relevance of photon-photon dispersion within the jet for blazar axionlike particle searches
• Probing Ultra-light Axion Dark Matter from 21cm Tomography using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Interaction of inhomogeneous axions with magnetic fields in the early universe
• Axion Paradigm with Color-Mediated Neutrino Masses
• A forecast of the sensitivity of the DALI Experiment to Galactic axion dark matter
• Constraining axionlike particles with invisible neutrino decay using the IceCube observations of NGC 1068
• Probing dark matter with polarimetry techniques
• Physics Beyond the Standard Model with Future X-ray Observatories: Projected Constraints on Very-Light Axion-Like Particles with $Athena$ and $AXIS$
• Observing axions through photon ring dimming of black holes
• Atomic and molecular transitions induced by axions via oscillating nuclear moments
• Catalogues of Cosmologically Self-Consistent Hadronic QCD Axion Models
• Dark matter Axion search with riNg Cavity Experiment DANCE: Design and development of auxiliary cavity for simultaneous resonance of linear polarizations
• Axion-photon multimessenger astronomy with giant flares
• On the Galactic radio signal from stimulated decay of axion dark matter
• Axions in Andromeda: Searching for Minicluster -- Neutron Star Encounters with the Green Bank Telescope
• Search for an interaction mediated by axion-like particles with ultracold neutrons at the PSI
• Energy Dependent Features of X-ray Signals in a GridPix Detector
• Ultralight dark matter searches with KAGRA gravitational wave telescope
• WISP Searches on a Fiber Interferometer under a Strong Magnetic Field
• Digging into Axion Physics with (Baby)IAXO
• DALI sensitivity to streaming axion dark matter
• Indirect detection prospects for d${}^{\ast }$(2380) dark matter
• Axion Cloud Decay due to the Axion-photon Conversion with Background Magnetic Fields
• Methods and restrictions to increase the volume of resonant rectangular-section haloscopes for detecting dark matter axions
• Probing the interference between non-linear, axionic and space-time-anisotropy effects in the QED vacuum
• SKA sensitivity for possible radio emission from dark matter in Omega Centauri
• Propagation of very-high-energy $\gamma$-rays from distant blazars
• Horn-array haloscope for volume-efficient broadband axion searches
• Detecting Extragalactic Axion-like Dark Matter with Polarization Measurements of Fast Radio Bursts
• Dilaton generation in propagation of magnetic dipole waves of pulsar in a galactic magnetic field
• Ultimate light-shining-through-a-wall experiments to establish QCD axions as the dominant form of dark matter
• Constraints on Axion-like Particles from the gamma-ray observation of the Galactic Center
• A comprehensive study of ALPs from $B$-decays
• B-field induced mixing between Langmuir waves and axions
• Coherent axion-photon transformations in the forward scattering on atoms
• Relic Density of Axion Dark Matter in Standard and Non-Standard Cosmological Scenarios
• Exploring scalar-photon interactions in energetic astrophysical events
• Pre-supernova Ultra-light Axion-like Particles
• Inverse Primakoff Scattering for Axionlike Particle Coupling
• Axion spectra and the associated x-ray spectra of low-mass stars
• Axion-Photon Interaction from Nonminimal Dimension-5 Lorentz-Violating Operators
• Probing Virtual ALPs by Precision Phase Measurements: Time-Varying Magnetic Field Background
• From Peccei Quinn symmetry to mass hierarchy problem
• $A^{\prime }$ view of the sunrise: Boosting helioscopes with angular information
• Axion sourcing in dense stellar matter via CP-violating couplings
• Observing Axion Emission from Supernova with Collider Detectors
• New Directions for ALP Searches Combining Nuclear Reactors and Haloscopes
• Pulsar Polarization Array Limits on Ultralight Axion-like Dark Matter
• Sensitivity to axion-like particles with a three-beam stimulated resonant photon collider around the eV mass range
• Searching for photon-ALPs mixing effects in AGN gamma-ray energy spectra
• Constraints on axionlike particles with different magnetic field models from the PKS 2155-304 energy spectrum
• Modeling of axion and electromagnetic fields coupling in a particle-in-cell code
• Axionic Dirac seesaw and electroweak vacuum stability
• Axion framework with color-mediated Dirac neutrino masses
• Pulsar timing and polarimetry: results and perspectives
• Stellar evolution and axion-like particles: new constraints and hints from globular clusters in the GAIA DR3 data
• Asteroseismology: Looking for axions in the red supergiant star Alpha Ori
• Boosting Asymmetric Charged DM via Thermalization
• Constraints on Axions from Cosmic Distance Measurements
• Graviton-Photon Oscillations as a Probe of Quantum Gravity
• Magnetar Hard X-Ray Emission from Axion-like Particle Conversion
• Broadband Dark Matter Axion Detection using a Cylindrical Capacitor
• Photon counting for axion interferometry
• Constraints on Axion-Like Particles from VERITAS Observations of a Flaring Radio Galaxy in the Perseus Cluster
• QuGrav: Bringing gravitational waves to light with Qumodes
• Nonlinear Ringdowns as Sources and Detectors of Quantum Gravitational Waves
• Polarization Measurements as a Probe of Axion-Photon Coupling: a Study of GRB 221009A
• SpectrAx: Spectral Search of Axion-Like Particles Using Multi-Band Observations of Galaxy Clusters from SKA, SO, CMB-S4 and eROSITA
• The dark Stodolsky effect: constraining effective dark matter operators with spin-dependent interactions
• DarkGEO: A Large-Scale Laser-Interferometric Axion Detector
• Axion-like particle searches with MeerKAT and SKA
• DESI forecast for Dark Matter-Neutrino interactions using EFTofLSS
• Axion-Photon Conversion in Neutron Star Magnetospheres: The Role of the Plasma in the Goldreich-Julian Model
• Constraining Axions with ZTF J1901+1458
• First observation and analysis of DANCE: Dark matter Axion search with riNg Cavity Experiment
• Effects of Finite Material Size On Axion-magnon Conversion
• ALP Dark Matter from Kinetic Fragmentation: Opening up the Parameter Window
• Axi-Higgs portal Dark Matter via Wess-Zumino mechanism
• Star Shearing Season -- Transient Signals in Wave-like Dark Matter Experiments from Black Hole Formation
• Detecting meV-Scale Dark Matter via Coherent Scattering with an Asymmetric Torsion Balance
• A minimal axion model for mass matrices with five texture-zeros
• Dynamics of axion-neutral pseudoscalar mixing
• Lensed fast radio bursts as a probe of time-varying gravitational potential induced by wave dark matter
• Dark Matter and Fundamental Physics Searches with IACTs
• A Search for a Contribution from Axion-Like Particles to the X-Ray Diffuse Background Utilizing the Earth's Magnetic Field
• Turbulence Induced Non-Gaussian Spectral Distortion in the Microwave Sky from Photon-Axion Conversion in Galaxy Clusters
• Synthetic and cosmological axion hybridization: entangled photons, (HBT) and quantum beats
• Flavored Peccei-Quinn symmetries in the minimal $\nu$DFSZ model
• A Continuous Galactic Line Source of Axions: The Remarkable Case of 23Na
• Long-term neutrino emission from a core-collapse supernova with axion-photon coupling
• Earth-lens telescope for distant axion-like particle sources with stimulated backward reflection
• Light Axion Emission and the Formation of Merging Binary Black Holes
• Prospects of additional contribution at Optical-NIR band of EBL in the light of VHE spectra
• First results of the CAST-RADES haloscope search for axions at 34.67 $\mu$eV
• Chern Simons condensate from misaligned axions
• Shining Light on Cosmogenic Axions with Neutrino Experiments
• Upper limit on the axion-photon coupling from magnetic white dwarf polarization
• Window for preferred axion models
• CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments
• Superdense beaming of axion dark matter in the vicinity of the light cylinder of pulsars
• Towards constraining axions with polarimetric observations of the isolated neutron star RX J1856.5-3754
• Limits on scalar dark matter interactions with particles other than the photon via loop corrections to the scalar-photon coupling
• Axion Searches with Two Superconducting Radio-frequency Cavities
• Ultralight Dark Matter from the Edge of Field Space
• Axion-photon conversion in stochastic magnetic fields
• Cavity, lumped-circuit, and spin-based detection of axion dark matter: differences and similarities
• An attempt to study axion-photon coupling using compact binary systems with high Shapiro time delay
• Retuning radio astronomy for axion dark matter with neutron stars
• First constraints on axion-like particles from Galactic sub-PeV gamma rays
• Revisiting the evidences for spectral anomalies in distant blazars: new data on the photon-ALP mixing
• Light-shining-through-wall cavity setups for probing ALPs
• On the possibility of mixed axion/neutralino dark matter in specific SUSY DFSZ axion models
• Classical Casimir pressure in the presence of axion dark matter
• Advancing Globular Cluster Constraints on the Axion-Photon Coupling
• Search for Milli-Charged Particles from the Sun at IceCube
• X-ray polarimetric features of Gamma-ray Bursts across varied redshifts and hints for Axion-Like-Particles
• Searching for Axion-Like Particles with X-ray Observations of Alpha Centauri
• Parametric co-linear axion photon instability
• New Physics Searches at Kaon and Hyperon Factories
• Solar Kaluza-Klein axion search with NEWS-G
• T-RAX: Transversely Resonant Axion eXperiment
• An introduction to axions and their detection
• Resonant enhancement of axion dark matter decay
• Constraints on axionlike particles from 16.5 years of Fermi-LAT data and prospects for VLAST
• Probing ALP-portal fermionic dark matter at the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders
• Proposal to use laser-accelerated electrons to probe the axion-electron coupling
• Positivity and partial wave unitarity bounds on ALP theories via amplitude methods
• Multi-Modal Clustering Events observed by Horizon-10T and Axion Quark Nuggets
• Detectability of the Phase Transition Gravitational Waves in the DFSZ axion Model
• Physics beyond the Standard Model with the DSA-2000
• Resonant Axion Radiation Conversion in Solar Spicules
• Limits on the axion-photon coupling from Chandrayaan-2 observations
• Echoes in multi-ALP scenarios
• Scalable Dark Matter Searches Using Integrated Photonics
• Dark Matter Energy Deposition and Production from the Table-Top to the Cosmos
• Sensitivity of ultralight axion dark matter search with optical quantum sensors
• ALP Constraints in Gauged $\mathcal{N}=2$ Supergravity
• Ghosts in the Wall
• Radiation Burst by Axion Star Collision with Star in the Andromeda Galaxy
• Photon Ring Dimming as a Signature of Photon-Axion Conversion in Janis-Newman-Winicour Naked Singularity
• Axion-like Particle Search with a Light-Shining-Through-Walls Setup at a $\gamma$-$\gamma$ Collider
• Inching toward the QCD Axions with Axion Magnetic Resonance in Helioscopes
• Exploring the dark axion portal in the LUXE-NPOD experiment
• Axion-like particles from soft supersymmetry breaking
• Adjusting optical cavity birefringence with wavelength tunable laser for axion searches
• Axion-Neutrino Interplay in a Gauged Two-Higgs-Doublet Model
• Axion-Like Particle Dark Matter Intensity Mapping: A New Probe via Cross-Correlation with Galaxy Surveys
• An Analytic Treatment of Underdamped Axionic Blue Isocurvature Perturbations
• One-loop proton decay from Peccei-Quinn symmetry
• Investigating the light curve variation of magnetic white dwarfs induced by the axion-photon conversion
• Searching for exotic scalars at fusion reactors
• Axion detection with phonon-polaritons revisited
• Detectability of axion-like dark matter for different time-delay interferometry combinations in space-based gravitational wave detectors
• Constraints on the Axion-Photon Coupling Using Stellar Modelling
• Forecast constraints on the axion-photon coupling from interstellar medium heating
• ALP Search Using Precessing Light in a Magnetized Fabry Perot Cavity
• Cosmic Axion Background Detection Using Resonant Cavity Arrays
• ALPs and Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory
• An Axion Interpretation of the ANITA Events
• Broadband interferometry-based searches for photon-axion conversion in vacuum
• Stochastic Properties of Ultralight Scalar Field Gradients
• Astroparticle physics with compact objects
• The Phenomenological Motivation of Axions: A Review