UPconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection experiment: A precision frequency interferometric axion dark matter search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity

Abstract

First experimental results from a room-temperature table-top phase-sensitive axion haloscope experiment are presented. The technique exploits the axion-photon coupling between two photonic resonator-oscillators excited in a single cavity, allowing low-mass axions to be upconverted to microwave frequencies, acting as a source of frequency modulation on the microwave carriers. This new pathway to axion detection has certain advantages over the traditional haloscope method, particularly in targeting axions below 1 $\mu$eV (240 MHz) in energy where high volume magnets are necessary. At the heart of the dual-mode oscillator, a tunable cylindrical microwave cavity supports a pair of orthogonally polarized modes (${\text{TM}}_{\text{0,2,0}}$ and ${\text{TE}}_{\text{0,1,1}}$), which, in general, enables simultaneous sensitivity to axions with masses corresponding to the sum and difference of the microwave frequencies. The results place axion exclusion limits between 7.44 - 19.38 neV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above $3\times 10^{-3}$ 1/GeV, and between 74.4 - 74.5 $\mu$eV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above $10^{-2}$ 1/GeV, after a measurement period of two and a half hours. We show that a state-of-the-art frequency-stabilized cryogenic implementation of this technique may achieve competitive limits in a large range of axion-space.

Erratum attached at the beginning. Body and supplementary material corrected for errors. 17 pages (2 erratum, 4.5 body, 8 supplementary material, 2.5 bibliography), 12 figures (2 erratum, 3 body, 7 supplementary)

References in corpus (18)

• Extended Search for the Invisible Axion with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment
• First results from a microwave cavity axion search at 24 micro-eV
• Axion Kinetic Misalignment Mechanism
• Axion Dark Matter Search around 6.7 $\mu$eV
• Unifying inflation with the axion, dark matter, baryogenesis and the seesaw mechanism
• The Need for Purely Laboratory-Based Axion-Like Particle Searches
• Piezoelectrically Tuned Multimode Cavity Search for Axion Dark Matter
• ADMX SLIC: Results from a Superconducting LC Circuit Investigating Cold Axions
• Axion Dark Matter eXperiment: Run 1B Analysis Details
• Microwave cavity searches for low-frequency axion dark matter
• Selective enhancement of the QCD axion couplings
• Direct Detection of Dark Matter -- APPEC Committee Report
• UPconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection experiment: A precision frequency interferometric axion dark matter search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity
• Parametrics of electromagnetic searches for axion dark matter
• Broadband Electrical Action Sensing Techniques with conducting wires for low-mass dark matter axion detection
• Analytic Solution of the Electromagnetic Eigenvalues Problem in a Cylindrical Resonator
• HAYSTAC Status, Results, and Plans
• Generation of Spectrally Pure Microwave Signals

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Invisible Axion Search Methods
• Black hole superradiance of self-interacting scalar fields
• Heterodyne Broadband Detection of Axion Dark Matter
• The QCD Axion and Gravitational Waves in light of NANOGrav results
• UPconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection experiment: A precision frequency interferometric axion dark matter search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity
• Comparing Instrument Spectral Sensitivity of Dissimilar Electromagnetic Haloscopes to Axion Dark Matter and High Frequency Gravitational Waves
• A search for axion-like particles in light-by-light scattering at the CLIC
• Parametrics of electromagnetic searches for axion dark matter
• Poynting vector controversy in axion modified electrodynamics
• ALP Searches at the LHC: FASER as a Light Shining through Walls Experiment
• Searching for Low-Mass Axions using Resonant Upconversion
• DFSZ-Type Axions and Where to Find Them
• Searching for Ultra-Light Axions with Twisted Cavity Resonators of Anyon Rotational Symmetry with Bulk Modes of Non-Zero Helicity
• Physical Signatures of Fermion-Coupled Axion Dark Matter
• Sensitivity of Resonant Axion Haloscopes to Quantum Electromagnetodynamics
• Characterisation of Cryogenic Material Properties of 3D-Printed Superconducting Niobium using a 3D Lumped Element Microwave Cavity
• Searching for GUT-scale QCD Axions and Monopoles with a High Voltage Capacitor
• Microwave Cavity Mode Optimisation by Background Anti-Resonance Tuning
• A Prototype Hybrid Mode Cavity for Heterodyne Axion Detection
• Resonant enhancement of axion dark matter decay
• Cavity, lumped-circuit, and spin-based detection of axion dark matter: differences and similarities