Detectability of the Phase Transition Gravitational Waves in the DFSZ axion Model

Abstract

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on using gravitational waves to explore axions and the dynamics of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking at high energy scales in the early universe. To accurately quantify the capability of specific gravitational wave experiments to probe the axion properties, it is crucial to perform precise calculations of gravitational wave signals based on given axion models and to conduct detailed detectability analysis tailored to the experimental configurations. Therefore, in this work, we consider the widely-studied DFSZ axion model and, for the first time, perform precise calculations of the phase transition dynamics parameters and associated gravitational wave signals. Our results demonstrate that the DFSZ model allows a strong first-order phase transition for the Peccei-Quinn symmetry-breaking process at high energy scales exceeding $10^9\mathrm{GeV}$. Moreover, by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the gravitational waves and comparing it with the thresholds of the Cosmic Explorer detector, we find that these signals are observable by the Cosmic Explorer with the energy scale range from $10^9\mathrm{GeV}$ to $10^{12}\mathrm{GeV}$. Notably, through Fisher Matrix analysis, we find that if Cosmic Explorer detectors observe these gravitational waves, the bubble wall velocity will be the first parameter to be determined. This study demonstrates that gravitational wave detection offers a powerful approach to investigating axion dynamics complementary to other experiments.

Published version in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics,36 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables

References in corpus (38)

• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• An Improved Experimental Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron
• Exploring the Sensitivity of Next Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
• Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
• The landscape of QCD axion models
• Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron
• Gravitational Wave Production by Collisions: More Bubbles
• Scientific Objectives of Einstein Telescope
• Extended Search for the Invisible Axion with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment
• Invisible Axion Search Methods
• Gravitational waves from first order cosmological phase transitions in the Sound Shell Model
• From Boltzmann equations to steady wall velocities
• Gravitational-wave physics with Cosmic Explorer: limits to low-frequency sensitivity
• Peccei-Quinn Phase Transition at LIGO
• Bubble wall velocities in local equilibrium
• Phase transition dynamics and gravitational wave spectra of strong first-order phase transition in supercooled universe
• Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force
• Subtracting compact binary foreground sources to reveal primordial gravitational-wave backgrounds
• Axion Dark Matter eXperiment: Run 1B Analysis Details
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Gravitational Waves from Fundamental Axion Dynamics
• An efficient approach to electroweak bubble velocities
• Bubble wall velocity during electroweak phase transition in the inert doublet model
• Testing clockwork axion with gravitational waves
• Gravitational wave signals of dark matter freeze-out
• Bubble wall velocity beyond leading-log approximation in electroweak phase transition
• Bubble-wall velocity in local thermal equilibrium: hydrodynamical simulations vs analytical treatment
• Hydrodynamical constraints on bubble wall velocity
• Bounds on the bubble wall velocity
• Filtered asymmetric dark matter during the Peccei-Quinn phase transition
• Effective Aligned 2HDM with a DFSZ-like invisible axion
• DFSZ-Type Axions and Where to Find Them
• Model-dependent analysis method for energy budget of the cosmological first-order phase transition
• Implication of nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background on ultralight axion particles
• Imprints of ultralight axions on the gravitational wave and pulsar timing measurement
• Gravitational waves from axions annihilation through quantum field theory
• Imperfect Axion Precludes the Domain Wall Problem