Hydrodynamical constraints on bubble wall velocity

Abstract

Terminal velocity reached by bubble walls in first order phase transitions is an important parameter determining both primordial gravitational-wave spectrum and production of baryon asymmetry in models of electroweak baryogenesis. We developed a numerical code to study the real-time evolution of expanding bubbles and investigate how their walls reach stationary states. Our results agree with profiles obtained within the so-called bag model with very good accuracy, however, not all such solutions are stable and realised in dynamical systems. Depending on the exact shape of the potential there is always a range of wall velocities where no steady state solutions exist. This behaviour in deflagrations was explained by hydrodynamical obstruction where solutions that would heat the plasma outside the wall above the critical temperature and cause local symmetry restoration are forbidden. For even more affected hybrid solutions causes are less straight forward, however, we provide a simple numerical fit allowing one to verify if a solution with a given velocity is allowed simply by computing the ratio of the nucleation temperature to the critical one for the potential in question.

arXiv comment11 pages, 7 figures, version published in PRD

References in corpus (32)

• Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
• Progress in Electroweak Baryogenesis
• Electroweak baryogenesis
• Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
• Energy Budget of Cosmological First-order Phase Transitions
• Gravitational waves from the sound of a first order phase transition
• Numerical simulations of acoustically generated gravitational waves at a first order phase transition
• Shape of the acoustic gravitational wave power spectrum from a first order phase transition
• AEDGE: Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space
• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• On the Maximal Strength of a First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition and its Gravitational Wave Signal
• The Growth of Bubbles in Cosmological Phase Transitions
• Gravitational waves from first-order cosmological phase transitions: lifetime of the sound wave source
• Gravitational waves from first order cosmological phase transitions in the Sound Shell Model
• Electroweak baryogenesis at high wall velocities
• Electroweak bubble wall expansion: gravitational waves and baryogenesis in Standard Model-like thermal plasma
• General Solutions for Tunneling of Scalar Fields with Quartic Potentials
• Bubble wall velocities in local equilibrium
• Baryogenesis and gravity waves from a UV-completed electroweak phase transition
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Prospective Sensitivities of Atom Interferometers to Gravitational Waves and Ultralight Dark Matter
• Fluid equations for fast-moving electroweak bubble walls
• Large Gravitational Wave Background Signals in Electroweak Baryogenesis Scenarios
• On Bubble Growth and Droplet Decay in Cosmological Phase Transitions
• The Scalar Singlet Extension of the Standard Model: Gravitational Waves versus Baryogenesis
• Hydrodynamic obstruction to bubble expansion
• Cosmological bubble friction in local equilibrium
• Instability and Subsequent Evolution of Electroweak Bubbles
• A sonic boom in bubble wall friction
• Stochastic Isocurvature Baryon Fluctuations, Baryon Diffusion, and Primordial Nucleosynthesis
• Bubble dynamics in fluids with N-body simulations
• A new perspective on flux and slope limiting in discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic conservation laws

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Bubble-wall velocity in local thermal equilibrium: hydrodynamical simulations vs analytical treatment
• Criterion for ultra-fast bubble walls: the impact of hydrodynamic obstruction
• Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
• Bounds on the bubble wall velocity
• Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory
• Steady-state bubbles beyond local thermal equilibrium
• Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
• Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations
• Detectability of the Phase Transition Gravitational Waves in the DFSZ axion Model