Axion search with a quantum-limited ferromagnetic haloscope

Abstract

A ferromagnetic axion haloscope searches for Dark Matter in the form of axions by exploiting their interaction with electronic spins. It is composed of an axion-to-electromagnetic field transducer coupled to a sensitive rf detector. The former is a photon-magnon hybrid system, and the latter is based on a quantum-limited Josephson parametric amplifier. The hybrid system consists of ten 2.1 mm diameter YIG spheres coupled to a single microwave cavity mode by means of a static magnetic field. Our setup is the most sensitive rf spin-magnetometer ever realized. The minimum detectable field is $5.5\times 10^{-19}$T with 9 h integration time, corresponding to a limit on the axion-electron coupling constant $g_{aee}\le 1.7\times 10^{-11}$ at 95% CL. The scientific run of our haloscope resulted in the best limit on DM-axions to electron coupling constant in a frequency span of about 120 MHz, corresponding to the axion mass range $42.4$-$43.1\mu$eV. This is also the first apparatus to perform an axion mass scanning by changing the static magnetic field.

arXiv comment4 pages, 4 figures

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