Observability of the very-high-energy emission from GRB 221009A

Abstract

The LHAASO Collaboration detected the gamma ray burst GRB 221009A at energies above $500\mathrm{GeV}$ with a tail extending up to $18\mathrm{TeV}$, whose spectral analysis has presently been performed up to $7\mathrm{TeV}$ for the lower energy instrument LHAASO-WCDA only, with no indication of a cutoff. Soon thereafter, Carpet-2 at Baksan Neutrino Observatory reported the observation of an air shower consistent with being caused by a photon of energy $251\mathrm{TeV}$ from the same GRB. Given the source redshift $z=0.151$, the expected attenuation due to the extragalactic background light is very severe so that these detections have proven very hard to explain. In this Letter, we show that the existence of axion-like-particles (ALPs) with mass $m_a\simeq (10^{-11}-10^{-7})\mathrm{eV}$ and two-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma \gamma }\simeq (3-5)\times 10^{-12}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ strongly reduce the optical depth of TeV photons, thus explaining the observations. Our ALPs meet all available constraints, are consistent with two previous hints at their existence and are good candidates for cold dark matter. Moreover, we show that Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) can explain the Carpet-2 result but not the LHAASO observations.

22 pages, 13 figures, This version matches the published paper: Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 251001 (2023)

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• Axion Astrophysics
• Towards a model of photon-axion conversion in the host galaxy of GRB 221009A
• Carpet-3 detection of a photon-like air shower with estimated primary energy above 100 TeV in a spatial and temporal coincidence with GRB 221009A
• The brightest GRB ever detected: GRB 221009A as a highly luminous event at z = 0.151
• Lorentz invariance violation from GRB221009A
• Axion-like Particle Effects on Photon Polarization in High-Energy Astrophysics
• Probing photon-ALP oscillations from the MAGIC observations of FSRQ QSO B1420+326
• GRB 221009A: Spectral signatures based on ALPs candidates
• Constraining axionlike particles with invisible neutrino decay using the IceCube observations of NGC 1068
• Self-organized critical characteristics of teraelectronvolt photons from GRB 221009A
• Probing the interference between non-linear, axionic and space-time-anisotropy effects in the QED vacuum
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• Probes for String-Inspired Foam, Lorentz, and CPT Violations in Astrophysics
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• New Insights on Gamma-Ray Burst Radiation Mechanisms from Multiwavelength Observations
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• The possibility of multi-TeV secondary gamma rays from GRB221009A
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• Axion-photon conversion in stochastic magnetic fields
• A photohadronic interpretation of the H.E.S.S. afterglow observations from GRB 221009A
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