The extragalactic optical-infrared background radiations, their time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity

Abstract

The background radiations in the optical and the infrared constitute a relevant cause of energy loss in the propagation of high energy particles through space. In particular, TeV observations with Cherenkov telescopes of extragalactic sources are influenced by the opacity effects due to the interaction of the very high-energy source photons with the background light. With the aim of assessing with the best possible detail these opacity terms, we have modelled the extragalactic optical and IR backgrounds using available information on cosmic sources in the universe from far-UV to sub-mm wavelengths over a wide range of cosmic epochs. We have exploited the relevant cosmological survey data - including number counts, redshift distributions, luminosity functions - from ground-based observatories in the optical, near-IR, and sub-mm, as well as multi-wavelength information coming from space telescopes, HST, ISO and Spitzer. Additional constraints have been used from direct measurements or upper limits on the extragalactic backgrounds by dedicated missions (COBE). All data were fitted and interpolated with a multi-wavelength backward evolutionary model, allowing us to estimate the background photon density and its redshift evolution. From the redshift-dependent background spectrum, the photon-photon opacities for sources of high-energy emission at any redshifts were then computed. The same results can also be used to compute the optical depths for any kind of processes in the intergalactic space involving interactions with background photons (like scattering of cosmic-ray particles). We have applied our photon-photon opacity estimates to the analysis of spectral data at TeV energies on a few BLAZARs of particular interest. [abridged]

Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. The current paper has been corrected for a small error in eq.(13) appearing in the previous version

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• Preliminary evidence for a virial shock around the Coma galaxy cluster
• First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439
• Exploring the multiband emission of TXS 0536+145: the most distant gamma-ray flaring blazar
• Inverse Compton Signatures of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
• Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects on Gamma-Gamma Absorption and Compton Scattering
• Very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission from two blazars of unknown redshift and upper limits on their distance
• High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From PKS 1441+25
• Measuring the correlation length of intergalactic magnetic fields from observations of gamma-ray induced cascades
• Physics of cosmological cascades and observable properties
• MAGIC detection of GRB 201216C at $z=1.1$
• Invisible Neutrino Decays as Origin of TeV Gamma Rays from GRB221009A
• Spectroscopic identifications of Spitzer sources in the SWIRE/XMM-NEWTON/ELAIS-S1 field: a large fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei with high F(24micron)/F(R) ratio
• The BL-Lac gamma-ray blazar PKS 0447-439 as a probable member of a group of galaxies at z=0.343
• LHAASO sensitivity for diffuse gamma-ray signals from the Galaxy
• The extended flare in CTA 102 in 2016 and 2017 within a hadronic model through cloud ablation by the relativistic jet
• Dark matter powered stars: Constraints from the extragalactic background light
• Understanding the spectrum of a distant blazar PKS 1424+240 and its implications
• Estimating the redshift of PKS 0447-439 through its GeV-TeV emission
• Constraining the near-IR background light from Population-III stars using high redshift gamma-ray sources
• Implications of a proton blazar inspired model on correlated observations of neutrinos with gamma-ray flaring blazars
• Luminous and high-frequency peaked blazars: the origin of the $\gamma$-ray emission from PKS 1424+240
• Can decaying particle explain cosmic infrared background excess?
• The estimate of emission region locations of {\it Fermi} FSRQs
• Acceleration and radiation of ultra-high energy protons in galaxy clusters
• Origin of sub-TeV afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B
• Gamma-rays as probes of the Universe
• The Hard X-ray emission of the blazar PKS 2155--304
• Absorption of 10 Gev--1 Tev Gamma Rays from 3C 279
• Secondary neutrino and gamma-ray fluxes from SimProp and CRPropa
• Nearby SN-Associated GRB~190829A: Environment, Jet Structure, and VHE Gamma-Ray Afterglows
• MAGIC detection of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the low-luminosity blazar 1ES 1741+196
• Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-Ray Observations of the Blazar 1ES 2344+514 with VERITAS
• Analytic Solutions of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Nuclei Revisited
• Patchy blazar heating: diversifying the thermal history of the intergalactic medium
• Probing the EBL evolution at high redshift using GRBs detected with the Fermi-LAT
• GRB 221009A Gamma Rays from Radiative Decay of Heavy Neutrinos?
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: the evolution of the cosmic spectral energy distribution from z = 1 to z = 0
• Redshifts of distant blazar limited by Fermi and VHE $\gamma$-ray observations
• Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar 1ES 0033+595 by the MAGIC telescopes
• The origin of the optical flashes: The case study of GRB 080319B and GRB 130427A
• Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission in the Two-Component Jet Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Probing the Intergalactic Magnetic Field with the Anisotropy of the Extragalactic Gamma-ray Background
• Very high-energy constraints on the Infrared Extragalactic Background Light
• MINOT: Modeling the intracluster medium (non-)thermal content and observable prediction tools
• ARGO-YBJ constraints on very high energy emission from GRBs
• Examining High Energy Radiation Mechanisms of Knots and Hotspots in Active Galactic Nucleus Jets
• MAGIC upper limits to the VHE gamma-ray flux of 3C454.3 in high emission state
• HESS J1943+213: An Extreme Blazar Shining Through The Galactic Plane
• Towards discrimination between galactic and intergalactic axion-photon mixing
• Testing one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton models with spectral energy distributions of Mrk 421
• Studies of active galactic nuclei with CTA
• Deciphering the ~18 TeV photons from GRB 221009A
• High Galactic latitude Fermi sources of gamma-rays with energies above 100 GeV
• Testing CIBER cosmic infrared background measurements and axionlike particles with observations of TeV blazars
• On the prospects of gamma-ray burst detection in the TeV band
• Limits on Lorentz invariance violation at the Planck energy scale from H.E.S.S. spectral analysis of the blazar Mrk 501
• Extreme & High Synchrotron Peak Blazars beyond 4FGL: The 2BIGB $\gamma$-ray catalogue
• VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 1741+196
• The VHE SED modelling of Markarian 501 in 2009
• The isotropic interplanetary dust cloud and near-infrared extragalactic background light observed with COBE/DIRBE
• Probing the magnetic field in the GW170817 outflow using H.E.S.S. observations
• An exploration of hadronic interactions in blazars using IceCube
• Evolution of mid-infrared galaxy luminosity functions from the entire AKARI NEP-Deep field with new CFHT photometry
• The HAWC real-time flare monitor for rapid detection of transient events
• MAGIC observation of the GRB080430 afterglow
• Characterising the signatures of star-forming galaxies in the extra-galactic $\gamma$-ray background
• Can we constrain the extragalactic magnetic field from very high energy observations of GRB 190114C?
• The mass--metallicity relation AKARI-FMOS infrared galaxies at $z\sim 0.88$ in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Survey Field
• Effect of axion-like particles on the spectrum of the extragalactic gamma-ray background
• Extragalactic Very-High-Energy gamma-ray background
• Emitting Electron Spectra and Acceleration Processes in the Jet of PKS 0447-439
• 3C66B as a TeV radiogalaxy
• Constraints on dark matter annihilation and decay from the large-scale structure of the nearby universe
• Introduction to multi-messenger astronomy
• Universe opacity and CMB
• A two-zone photohadronic scenario for EHBL-like behavior of Mrk 501
• Prospects for future very high-energy gamma-ray sky survey: impact of secondary gamma rays
• Ensemble Fluctuations of the Flux and Nuclear Composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Nuclei
• Optical Spectral Variability of the Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Blazar 1ES 1011+496
• Intrinsic VHE Gamma-ray spectra of Blazars as a probe for Extragalactic Background Light
• Multiwavelength study of VHE emission from Markarian 501 using TACTIC observations during April-May, 2012
• Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
• Estimation of the Extragalactic Background Light using TeV Observations of BL~Lacs
• H.E.S.S. follow-up observations of Binary Black Hole Coalescence events during the second and third Gravitational Waves observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Extragalactic diffuse gamma-rays from dark matter annihilation: revised prediction and full modelling uncertainties
• Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Rays from 1ES 1440+122
• Modeling spectral lags in active galactic nucleus flares in the context of Lorentz invariance violation searches
• A self-consistent leptonic-hadronic interpretation of the electromagnetic and neutrino emissions from blazar TXS 0506+056
• Very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from high-redshift blazars
• Prospect for dark matter signatures from dwarf galaxies by LHAASO
• Probing the Scale of ALP Interactions with Fermi Blazars
• How gravitational lensing helps gamma-ray photons avoid $\gamma -\gamma$ absorption
• A time dependent approach to model X-ray and $\gamma$--ray light curves of Mrk 421 observed during the flare in February 2010
• Synchrotron pair halo and echo emission from blazars in the cosmic web: application to extreme TeV blazars
• Impact of Plasma Instability on Constraint of the Intergalactic Magnetic Field
• Cut-off Characterisation of Energy Spectra of Bright Fermi Sources: Current instrument limits and future possibilities
• Search for spectral features in extragalactic background light with gamma-ray telescopes
• Gamma-rays as a diagnostic of the origin of core radiation in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei
• Constraints on the location of the gamma-ray emission region for the gamma-ray-loud radio source GB 1310+487
• The sensitivity of Cherenkov telescopes to dark matter and astrophysical anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background
• Comparisons of Jet Properties between GeV Radio Galaxies and Blazars
• Long-term multi-wavelength study of 1ES 0647+250
• The host galaxy and Fermi-LAT counterpart of HESS J1943+213
• New class of Very High Energy gamma-ray emitter: radio-dark mini-shells surrounding AGN jets
• Rapid X-ray Variability in Mkn 421 during a Multiwavelength Campaign
• Modelling the propagation of very-high-energy gamma rays with the CRbeam code: Comparison with CRPropa and ELMAG codes
• Extreme HBL-like behavior of Markarian 421 and its two-zone photohadronic interpretation
• Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from light nuclei composition
• On the redshift of the very high energy γ-ray BL Lac object S2 0109+22
• Galactic and Extragalactic Sources of Very High Energy Gamma-rays
• Searching for TeV Candidates in 4LAC High-synchrotron-peaked Frequency BL Lac Objects
• High zenith angle observations of PKS 2155-304 with the MAGIC-I telescope
• TeV Gamma-ray Observations of Markarian 421 using TACTIC during 2009-10
• EBL Inhomogeneity and Hard-Spectrum Gamma-Ray Sources
• Photon-axion mixing within the jets of Active Galactic Nuclei and prospects for detection
• A physical model for the origin of the diffuse cosmic infrared background
• Probing photon-ALP oscillations from the flat spectrum radio quasar 4C+21.35
• Detection of very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the radio galaxy M87 with LHAASO
• Implications of photon-ALP oscillations in the extragalactic neutrino source TXS 0506+056 at sub-PeV energies
• Multi-TeV photons from GRB 221009A: uncertainty of optical depth considered
• Selected Topics in Cosmic Ray Physics
• A two-zone photohadronic interpretation of the EHBL-like behavior of the 2016 multi-TeV flares of 1ES 1959+650
• Constraints on Axion-like Particles from Observations of Mrk 421 using the $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{s}}$ Method
• VHE Gamma-Ray Induced Pair Cascades in Blazars and Radio Galaxies: Application to NGC 1275
• Radio-to-gamma-ray synchrotron and neutrino emission from proton-proton interactions in active galactic nuclei
• Temporal and spectral study of PKS 0208-512 during the 2019-2020 flare
• A self-consistent interpretation of the GeV-TeV emission from a distant blazar PKS 1424+240
• Multi-wavelength study of Mrk 421 TeV flare observed with \emph{TACTIC} telescope in February 2010
• Similarity of Jet Radiation between Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and GeV Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies: A Universal $\delta$-$L_{\mathrm{c}}$ Correlation
• Normalization of the extragalactic background light from high-energy gamma-ray observations
• A search for pair halos around active galactic nuclei through a temporal analysis of Fermi-LAT data
• Afterglow Synchrotron Radiations follow the $L_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{iso}}-E_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{z}}-{\Gamma }_0$ relation of Gamma-Ray Bursts? Cases of GRBs 190114C, 130427A, and 180720B
• Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era -- A review
• First limits on the very-high energy gamma-ray afterglow emission of a fast radio burst: H.E.S.S. observations of FRB 150418
• Probing $\mu$eV ALPs with future LHAASO observation of AGN $\gamma$-ray spectra
• Lepto-hadronic jet-disc model for the multi-wavelength SED of M87
• Modelling the $\gamma$-ray variability of 3C 273
• Constraining the star formation rate with the extragalactic background light
• Extragalactic background light models and GeV-TeV observation of blazars
• Clustering of the AKARI NEP Deep Field 24 $\mu$m selected galaxies
• GeV $\gamma$-ray Emission of Compact Steep-Spectrum Source 4C +39.23B
• UHECR Echoes from the Council of Giants
• Constraining Extragalactic Background Light From TeV Blazars
• Non-thermal emission in radio galaxy lobes: II. Centaurus A, Centaurus B, and NGC 6251
• Fundamental Limits of Detection in the Far Infrared
• From Radio to TeV: The surprising Spectral Energy Distribution of AP Librae
• The Exceptional Flare of Mrk 501 in 2014: Combined Observations with H.E.S.S. and FACT
• Active Galactic Nuclei and their Role in Galaxy Evolution: The Infrared Perspective
• Search for TeV $\gamma$--ray emission from blazar 1ES1218+304 with TACTIC telescope during March-April 2013
• Model-independent Redshift Estimation of BL Lac Objects through VHE Observations
• On conservative models of "the pair-production anomaly" in blazar spectra at Very High Energies
• Relevance of VHE Blazar Spectra Models with Axion-Like Particles
• X-ray and Radio Follow-up Observations of High-Redshift Blazar Candidates in the Fermi-LAT Unassociated Source Population
• Data-driven detection of multi-messenger transients
• Constraints on dark matter and astrophysics from tomographic $\gamma$-ray cross-correlations
• VERITAS Observations of Six Bright, Hard-Spectrum Fermi-LAT Blazars
• Time dependent gamma-ray production in the anisotropic IC $e^{\pm }$ pair cascade initiated by electrons in active galaxies
• Electron-positron pair plasma in TXS 0506+056 and the "neutrino flare" in 2014-2015
• A closer look at the electromagnetic signatures of Bethe-Heitler pair production process in blazars
• Universe opacity and EBL
• A strong limit on the very-high-energy emission from GRB 150323A
• The extragalactic background light from the measurements of the attenuation of high-energy gamma-ray spectrum
• Intergalactic magnetic field studies by means of $\gamma$-ray emission from GRB 190114C
• Highly Variable $\gamma$-Ray Emission of CTD 135 and Implications for its Compact Symmetric Structure
• Star-forming galaxies as the origin of IceCube neutrinos: Reconciliation with Fermi-LAT gamma rays
• Fermi-LAT high $z$ AGN and the Extragalactic Background Light
• Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar VER J0521+211 During an Elevated TeV Gamma-Ray State
• Observable spectral and angular distributions of $\gamma$-rays from extragalactic ultrahigh energy cosmic ray accelerators: the case of extreme TeV blazars
• Potential of the next generation VHE instruments to probe the EBL (I): the low- and mid-VHE
• Addressing $\gamma$-ray emissions from dark matter annihilations in 45 milky way satellite galaxies and in extragalactic sources with particle dark matter models
• A complete sample of LSP blazars fully described in $\gamma$-rays. New $\gamma$-ray detections and associations with Fermi-LAT
• TeV and keV-MeV Excesses as Probes for Hadronic Process in BL Lacertaes
• Imprint of "Local Opacity" Effect in Gamma-Ray Spectrum of Blazar Jet
• Search of the pair echo signatures in the high-energy light curve of GRB190114C
• Probing photon-ALP oscillations from the MAGIC observations of FSRQ QSO B1420+326
• EBL effect on the observation of multi-TeV flaring of 2009 from Markarian 501
• Understanding the giant gamma-ray outburst on June 16, 2015 from the blazar 3C 279
• The origin of multi-TeV flares from the nearest blazar Markarian 421
• H.E.S.S. observations of the flaring gravitationally lensed galaxy PKS 1830-211
• Constraints on Proton Synchrotron Origin of Very High Energy Gamma Rays from the Extended Jet of AP Librae
• Photohadronic interpretation of the different incarnation of 1ES 2344+514
• Origin of multiwavelength emission from flaring high redshift blazar PKS 0537-286
• Observing small-scale $\gamma$-ray anisotropies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• An Explanation for 13 consecutive days activities of Mrk 421
• Spontaneously quenched gamma-ray spectra from compact sources
• Photohadronic scenario in interpreting the February-March 2014 flare of 1ES 1011+496
• The Complex VHE And Multiwavelength Flaring Activity Of The FSRQ PKS 1510-089 In May 2015
• How the extinction of extragalactic background light affects surface photometry of galaxies, groups and clusters
• Constraining the redshifts of TeV BL Lac objects
• Modelling the variable emission states of $\gamma$-ray emitting Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Gamma-ray halos as a measure of intergalactic magnetic fields: a classical moment problem
• Inverse Compton Cascades in Pair-Producing Gaps: Effects of Triplet Pair Production
• Fossil shell in 3C 84 as TeV $\gamma$-ray emitter and cosmic-ray accelerator
• A stratified jet model for AGN emission in the two-flow paradigm
• Jet Radiation Properties of 4C +49.22: from the Core to Large-Scale Knots
• Photohadronic model for the neutrino and $\gamma$-ray emission from TXS 0506+056
• Hard MeV-GeV spectra of blazars
• Axion effects on gamma-ray spectral irregularities with AGN redshift uncertainty
• A Single Zone Synchrotron Model for Flares of PKS 1510-089
• CRPropa: a public framework to propagate UHECRs in the universe
• Mechanism of very high energy radiation in BL Lacertae object 3C 66A
• X-ray and GeV-gamma-ray emission property of TeV Compact Symmetric Object PKS 1413+135 and Implication for Episodic Jet Activity
• Searching for TeV gamma-ray emission associated with IceCube high-energy neutrinos using VERITAS
• A gamma-ray signature of energetic sources of cosmic-ray nuclei
• Interpreting correlated observations of cosmic rays and gamma-rays from Centaurus A with a proton blazar inspired model
• Study of Temporal and Spectral variability for Blazar PKS 1830-211 with Multi-Wavelength Data
• The nature of the intrinsic spectra from the VHE emission of H 2356-309 and 1ES 1101-232
• Fermi Constrains Dark Matter Origin of High Energy Positron Anomaly
• The Powerful Jet and Gamma-Ray Flare of the Quasar PKS 0438$-$436
• Absorption features in sub-TeV gamma-ray spectra of BL Lac objects
• Axion-like particles: possible hints and constraints from the high-energy Universe
• The `blazar sequence' in TeV band
• New GTC Spectroscopic Data and a Statistical Study to Better Constrain the Redshift of the BL Lac RGB J2243+203
• Analysis of Fermi-LAT observations, UHECRs and neutrinos from the radio galaxy Centaurus B
• The near-infrared radiation background, gravitational wave background and star formation rate of Pop III and Pop II during cosmic reionization
• MeV dark energy emission from a de Sitter Universe
• Artificial Neural Networks for cosmic gamma-ray propagation in the Universe
• Contemporaneous broadband observations of three high-redshift BL Lac Objects
• Mapping large-scale diffuse gamma-ray emission in 10-100 TeV band with Cherenkov telescopes
• Gamma-ray blazar spectra with H.E.S.S. II mono analysis: the case of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553+113
• The importance of jet bending in gamma-ray AGN - revisited
• Fossil shell emission in dying radio loud AGNs
• Multi-messenger connection in high-energy neutrino astronomy
• Time-Dependent Modeling of the Sub-Hour Spectral Evolution During the 2013 Outburst of Mrk 421
• BL Lacertae under the Flare of 2024: Probing Temporal and Spectral Dynamics
• On the detection of TeV gamma-rays from GRB with km-cube neutrino telescopes --- I. Muon event rate from single GRBs
• Discovery of very-high-energy emission from RGB J2243+203 and derivation of its redshift upper limit
• GeV-TeV $\gamma$-ray energy spectral break of BL Lac objects
• Constraints on Physical Conditions for the Acceleration on Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei Observed with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Non-variable cosmologically distant gamma-ray emitters as an imprint of propagation of ultra-high-energy protons
• VHE $\gamma$-ray discovery and multi-wavelength study of the blazar 1ES 2322-409
• Infrared emission from dust and the spectral features of extragalactic gamma-ray sources
• Multi-wavelength emission from 3C 66A: clues on its redshift and gamma-ray emission location
• ALP Anarchy
• The End of the Rainbow: What Can We Say About the Extragalactic Sub-Megahertz Radio Sky?
• Probing Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Detectability of large correlation length inflationary magnetic field with Cherenkov telescopes
• A Universal Energy Relation between synchrotron and Synchrotron Self-Compton radiation in GRBs and Blazars
• Constraints on the intergalactic magnetic field from Fermi-LAT observations of GRB 221009A
• Constraints on the Optical-IR extragalactic background from gamma-ray absorption studies
• Fermi/LAT observations of Lobe-dominant Radio Galaxy 3C 207 and Possible Radiation Region of the Gamma-Rays
• Prospects for detection of the pair-echo emission from TeV gamma-ray bursts
• Simulation study for an in-situ calibration system for the measurement of the snow accumulation and the index-of-refraction profile for radio neutrino detectors
• Revisiting the propagation of highly-energetic gamma rays in the Galaxy
• Attenuation of TeV $\gamma$-rays by the starlight photon field of the host galaxy
• Probing the extragalactic mid-infrared background with HAWC
• Multiwavelength study of the region around the ANTARES neutrino excess
• Search for Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from the z = 0.896 Quasar 4C +55.17 with the MAGIC telescopes
• Searching for an EBL attenuation signature in the Fermi/LAT 1st year catalog data
• On the Redshifts of the BL Lac 3FGL J0909.0+2310 and its Close Companion
• Acoustic Neutrino Detection In a Adriatic Multidisciplinary Observatory (ANDIAMO)
• Constraints on Extragalactic Background Light using TeV Observations of BL Lacertae objects
• Multi-epoch study of the gamma-ray emission within the M87 magnetosphere model
• TeV afterglow from GRB 221009A: photohadronic origin?
• Gravitational Light Bending Prevents $\gamma \gamma$ Absorption in Gravitational Lenses
• Cygnus X-3 as semi-hidden PeVatron
• The TeV Blazar Measurement of the Extragalactic Background Light
• Universal Peaks Ratio In The Spectral Energy Density Of Double Hump Blazars, Gamma Ray Bursts, And Microquasars
• Very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission from RBS 0679
• Redshift constrain of BL Lac PKS 1424+240
• Prospects of additional contribution at Optical-NIR band of EBL in the light of VHE spectra
• Redshift measurement of Fermi Blazars for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Multi-messenger emission from the parsec-scale jet of the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1502+106 coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-190730A
• Selection of AGN to study the extragalactic background light with HAWC
• Probing cluster environments of blazars through gamma-gamma absorption
• The possibility of multi-TeV secondary gamma rays from GRB221009A
• Absorption of Photons from Distant Gamma-Ray Sources
• Neutrino production from photo-hadronic interactions of the gamma flux from Active Galactic Nuclei with their gas content
• Constraining the redshift of BL Lac VER J0521+211
• Impact of model parameter degeneracy on leptonic radiation models. The case of blazar multi-wavelength spectra
• Spectral characteristics of Mrk 501 during the 2012 and 2014 flaring states
• Searches for very high energy gamma rays from blazars with CANGAROO-III telescope in 2005-2009
• Catching TeV emission from GRB 221009A and alike with LHAASO, LACT and SWGO
• Constraints on axion-like particles from ultra-high-energy observations of M87 with the HAWC observatory
• Very high energy emission mechanism in the extreme blazar PGC 2402248
• SKYSURF-11: A New Zodiacal Light Model Optimized for Optical Wavelengths
• The H.E.S.S. extragalactic sky
• Intergalactic magnetic field lower limits up to the redshift $z\approx 3$
• Simultaneously unveiling the EBL and intrinsic spectral parameters of gamma-ray sources with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
• Testing models of extragalactic $\gamma$-ray propagation using observations of extreme blazars in GeV and TeV energy ranges
• Jitter Mechanism as a Kind of Coherent Radiation: Constrained by the GRB 221009A Emission at 18 TeV
• Revisiting the evidences for spectral anomalies in distant blazars: new data on the photon-ALP mixing
• A photohadronic interpretation of the H.E.S.S. afterglow observations from GRB 221009A
• The First VHE Activity of OJ 287 and the Extragalactic Background Light
• A pure hadronic model description of the observed neutrino emission from the tidal disruption event AT2019dsg
• KiDS-Legacy: WIMP dark matter constraints from the cross-correlation of weak lensing and Fermi-LAT gamma rays
• CTA sensitivity for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma rays
• Current constraints from cosmogenic neutrinos on the fraction of protons in UHECRs
• Extragalactic Observations with HESS: Past and Future
• New limit on high Galactic latitude PeV gamma-ray flux from Tibet AS-gamma data
• Projected sensitivity of CTAO to axion-like particles from blazars with a machine learning approach
• EBL Constraints Using a Sample of TeV Gamma-Ray Emitters Measured with the MAGIC Telescopes
• Aspects of astrophysical particle production and beyond the Standard Model phenomenology
• A long-term multiwavelength study of the flat spectrum radio quasar OP 313
• Very High-energy Afterglow Emission of GRB 190829A: Evidence for Its Hadronic Origin?
• Sensitivity to Axion-like Particle dark matter with very-high-energy gamma-ray observations of Active Galactic Nuclei located behind Galaxy Clusters
• Extreme Blazars Observed with MAGIC: Second Catalog Release
• The impact of plasma instability cooling on intergalactic magnetic field constraints in GeV cascades for optimized instability cooling parameters
• Predictions of TeV emission for a set of hard BL Lac objects
• The GPSP Atlas: High-resolution Galactic Photon Survival Probability Atlas for Very-High- and Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
• Maximum likelihood spectral fitting and its application to EBL constraints
• Cosmic horizon for GeV sources and photon-photon scattering
• Determination of the extragalactic background light spectral energy distribution with H.E.S.S
• Multiwavelength temporal and spectral study of TeV blazar 1ES 1727+502 during 2014 to 2021
• Spectral analysis of Markarian 421 and Markarian 501 with HAWC
• Temporary EHBL-like behavior of Markarian 501 during July 2014 VHE flaring
• Blazar-Boosted Dark Matter: Novel Signatures via Elastic and Inelastic Scattering
• AGN Forecasts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Wiener filtering and multi-tracer techniques for dark matter cross-correlations between gamma-ray emission and galaxy catalogs
• Extragalactic Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation
• Science Drivers for AGN Observations with the Cherenkov Telescope Array