Lower limits on ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray and jet powers of TeV blazars

Abstract

Lower limits on the power emitted in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), which are assumed to be protons with energy 1e17-1e20 eV, are derived for TeV blazars with the assumption that the observed TeV gamma rays are generated due to interactions of these protons with cosmic microwave photons. The limits depend on the spectrum of the injected UHECR protons. While for a -2.2 injection spectrum, the lower limits on the powers emitted in UHECRs by 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 1101-232 and 1ES 0347-121 are lower than their respective synchrotron luminosities (1e46 erg/s); in the case of 1ES 1426+428 it exceeds the corresponding synchrotron luminosity by up to an order of magnitude. The proposed Auger North Observatory should be able to detect 4e19 eV cosmic ray protons from 1ES 1426+428 within a few years of operation and test the TeV gamma-ray production model by UHECR energy losses while propagating along the line-of-sight, or constrain the intergalactic magnetic field to be larger than 1e-16 G in case of no detection. The lower limits on the apparent-isotropic jet power from accelerated 1e10-1e20 eV proton spectra in the blazar jet is of the order of the Eddington luminosity of a 1e9 solar mass black hole for a cosmic-ray injection spectrum -2.2 or harder for all blazars considered except for 1ES 1426+428. In the case of the latter the apparent-isotropic jet power exceeds the Eddington luminosity by an order of magnitude. For an injection spectrum softer than -2.2, as is required to fit the observed cosmic-ray data above 1e17-1e18 eV, the Eddington luminosity is exceeded by the lower limits on the jet power for all blazars considered.

9 pages, 6 figures, typos fixed, ApJ (in press)

References in corpus (18)

• Turbulence and Magnetic Fields in the Large Scale Structure of the Universe
• EGMF Constraints from Simultaneous GeV-TeV Observations of Blazars
• Modeling the Emission Processes in Blazars
• Lower limit on the strength and filling factor of extragalactic magnetic fields
• New constraints on the Mid-IR EBL from the HESS discovery of VHE gamma rays from 1ES 0229+200
• Blazars as Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources: Implications for TeV Gamma-Ray Observations
• Time Delay of Cascade Radiation for TeV Blazars and the Measurement of the Intergalactic Magnetic Field
• Role of line-of-sight cosmic ray interactions in forming the spectra of distant blazars in TeV gamma rays and high-energy neutrinos
• Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays from Black Hole Jets of Radio Galaxies
• High-energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos from Semi-relativistic Hypernovae
• Discovery of VHE gamma-rays from the distant BL Lac 1ES 0347-121
• Faraday Rotation Limits on a Primordial Magnetic Field from WMAP Five-Year Data
• Strong New Constraints on the Extragalactic Background Light in the Near- to Mid-IR
• Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, cascade gamma-rays, and high-energy neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts
• Acceleration of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays in the Colliding Shells of Blazars and GRBs: Constraints from the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope
• Probing the Nature of the Weakest Intergalactic Magnetic Fields with the High Energy Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Ultra-high energy Neutrinos from Centaurus A and the Auger hot spot
• Cosmic rays: current status, historical context

Cited by in corpus (39)

• Blazars as Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources: Implications for TeV Gamma-Ray Observations
• Neutrinos at IceCube from Heavy Decaying Dark Matter
• Cosmic Neutrino Pevatrons: A Brand New Pathway to Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Particle Physics
• Constraints on the Intergalactic Magnetic Field with Gamma-Ray Observations of Blazars
• PeV neutrinos from intergalactic interactions of cosmic rays emitted by active galactic nuclei
• A Three-Year Multi-Wavelength Study of the Very High Energy Gamma-ray Blazar 1ES 0229+200
• AGN jets as the origin of UHECRs and perspectives for the detection of astrophysical source neutrinos at EeV energies
• Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Backgrounds as Probes of the High-Energy Universe: Hints of Cascades, General Constraints, and Implications for TeV Searches
• TeV gamma rays from blazars beyond z=1?
• Deep Broadband Observations of the Distant Gamma-ray Blazar PKS 1424+240
• On weak redshift dependence of gamma-ray spectra of distant blazars
• On the hadronic cascade scenario for extreme BL Lacs
• Disentangling Hadronic and Leptonic Cascade Scenarios from the Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission of Distant Hard-Spectrum Blazars
• Time structure of gamma-ray signals generated in line-of-sight interactions of cosmic rays from distant blazars
• Electromagnetic cascade masquerade: a way to mimic $\gamma$--axion-like particle mixing effects in blazar spectra
• Modeling the Spectral Energy Distribution of the radio galaxy IC310
• Neutrino, $\gamma$-ray and cosmic ray fluxes from the core of the closest radio galaxies
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions as the origin of very high energy $\gamma -$rays from BL Lacs
• Angular correlation of cosmic neutrinos with ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and implications for their sources
• Understanding the spectrum of a distant blazar PKS 1424+240 and its implications
• Modeling the spectrum and composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with two populations of extragalactic sources
• Isotropy constraints on powerful sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays at $10^{19}$ eV
• Snowmass-2013 Cosmic Frontier 3 (CF3) Working Group Summary: Non-WIMP dark matter
• Cosmogenic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes from blazars associated with IceCube events
• Prospects for future very high-energy gamma-ray sky survey: impact of secondary gamma rays
• Acceleration and propagation of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays
• TeV $\gamma$-ray fluxes from the long campaigns on Mrk421 as constraints on the emission of TeV-PeV Neutrinos and UHECRs
• Synchrotron pair halo and echo emission from blazars in the cosmic web: application to extreme TeV blazars
• Could a plasma in quasi-thermal equilibrium be associated to the "orphan" TeV flares ?
• Very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from high-redshift blazars
• Putting the hadron beam scenario for extreme blazars to the test with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• PeV-EeV neutrinos from gamma-ray blazars due to ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray propagation
• Very high-energy gamma-ray signature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray acceleration in Centaurus A
• Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A
• On conservative models of "the pair-production anomaly" in blazar spectra at Very High Energies
• Contribution of Secondary Neutrinos from Line-of-sight Cosmic Ray Interactions to the IceCube Diffuse Astrophysical Flux
• Cherenkov telescope array extragalactic survey discovery potential and the impact of axion-like particles and secondary gamma rays
• The possibility of multi-TeV secondary gamma rays from GRB221009A
• Cosmic connections: from cosmic rays to gamma rays, to cosmic backgrounds and magnetic fields