Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A

Abstract

The detection of a $\simeq 220$~PeV muon neutrino event by the KM3NeT telescope offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe the Universe at extreme energies. A photopion interaction origin of the neutrino requires a parent cosmic-ray energy of $\gtrsim 4$~EeV per nucleon. We analyze the origin of this event under three scenarios, i.e., a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical emission, and a line-of-sight interaction of an ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 0.1$~EeV). Our analysis includes the flux from both a KM3NeT-only fit and a joint fit, incorporating data from KM3NeT, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory. If the neutrino event originates from transients, it requires a new population of transients that is energetic, $\gamma$-ray dark, and more abundant than the known ones. In the framework of diffuse astrophysical emission, we compare the required local UHECR energy injection rate at $\gtrsim 4$ EeV with the rate derived from the flux measurements by Auger, across various source redshift evolution models. This disfavors the KM3NeT-only fit considering the source evolution up to high values of redshift, while the joint fit remains viable for sources contributing up to a maximum redshift $z_{\max }\gtrsim 1$ for the limiting case of photopion interaction efficiency, $f_{p\gamma }=0.1$. For a cosmogenic origin from point sources, the luminosity obtained at redshifts $z\lesssim 1$ from the joint fit is compatible with the Eddington luminosity of $\sim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ black holes in active galactic nuclei, assuming a proton composition and optimistic values of extragalactic magnetic field strength.

7 pages, 4 figures; Updated version accepted in ApJ

References in corpus (32)

• Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars From Multi-Messenger Observations of GW170817
• Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects
• Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications
• X-Ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars
• The 5th edition of the Roma-BZCAT. A short presentation
• Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane
• The rate, luminosity function and time delay of non-Collapsar short GRBs
• Cosmogenic Neutrinos: parameter space and detectabilty from PeV to ZeV
• A tidal disruption event coincident with a high-energy neutrino
• A unified picture for low-luminosity and long gamma-ray bursts based on the extended progenitor of llgrb 060218/SN 2006aj
• A very luminous jet from the disruption of a star by a massive black hole
• Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays from Black Hole Jets of Radio Galaxies
• Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption
• CRPropa 3.2 -- an advanced framework for high-energy particle propagation in extragalactic and galactic spaces
• High-Energy Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emission from Tidal Disruption Events
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Millisecond Magnetars formed from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars
• Radio Observations of an Ordinary Outflow from the Tidal Disruption Event AT2019dsg
• Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Backgrounds as Probes of the High-Energy Universe: Hints of Cascades, General Constraints, and Implications for TeV Searches
• Tidal Disruption and Magnetic Flux Capture: Powering a Jet from a Quiescent Black Hole
• Kilonova Emission From Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers. II. Luminosity Function and Implications for Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Triggers and Blind Searches
• High energy neutrinos from a slow jet model of core collapse supernovae
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Open issues with the gamma-ray burst redshift distribution
• Catching jetted tidal disruption events early in millimetre
• High Energy Neutrinos from Choked Gamma-Ray Bursts in AGN Accretion Disks
• Inference of the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with energies from $10^{18.5}$ to $10^{20}$ eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory and Deep Learning
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray interactions as the origin of very high energy $\gamma -$rays from BL Lacs
• Super heavy dark matter origin of the PeV neutrino event: KM3-230213A
• Cascaded Gamma-ray Emission Associated with the KM3NeT Ultra-High-Energy Event KM3-230213A
• Modeling the spectrum and composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with two populations of extragalactic sources
• Cosmogenic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes from blazars associated with IceCube events
• PeV-EeV neutrinos from gamma-ray blazars due to ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray propagation

Cited by in corpus (5)

• An Accretion Flare Interpretation for the Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A
• Cosmogenic Origin of KM3-230213A: Delayed Gamma-Ray Emission from A Cosmic-Ray Transient
• Ultra High Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A as a Signal of Electroweak Vacuum Turbulence in Merging Black Hole Binaries
• Superluminal constraints from ultra-high-energy neutrino events
• Modeling the imprints of large-scale magnetized structures on $\gamma$-rays from extragalactic transients