Cosmogenic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes from blazars associated with IceCube events

Abstract

Blazars constitute the vast majority of extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources. They can also contribute a sizable fraction of the diffuse astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. In the past few years, the real-time alert system of IceCube has led to multiwavelength follow-up of very high-energy neutrino events of plausible astrophysical origin. Spatial and temporal coincidences of these neutrino events with the high-activity state of $\gamma$-ray blazars can provide a unique opportunity to decipher cosmic-ray interactions in the relativistic jets. Assuming that blazars accelerate cosmic rays up to ultrahigh energies ($E>10^{17}$ eV), we calculate the "guaranteed" contribution to the line-of-sight cosmogenic $\gamma$-ray and neutrino fluxes from four blazars associated with IceCube neutrino events. Detection of these fluxes by upcoming $\gamma$-ray imaging telescopes like CTA and/or by planned neutrino detectors like IceCube-Gen2 may lead to the first direct signature(s) of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) sources. We find that detection of the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes from the blazars TXS~0506+056, PKS~1502+106 and GB6~J1040+0617 would require UHECR luminosity $\gtrsim 10$ times the inferred neutrino luminosity from the associated IceCube events. Blazars TXS~0506+056, 3HSP~J095507.9+355101 and GB6~J1040+0617 can be detected by CTA if the UHECR luminosity is $\gtrsim 10$ times the neutrino luminosity inferred from the associated IceCube events. Given their relatively low redshifts and hence total energetics, TXS~0506+056 and 3HSP~J095507.9+355101 should be the prime targets for upcoming large neutrino and $\gamma$-ray telescopes.

5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

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• Implications of multiwavelength spectrum on cosmic-ray acceleration in blazar TXS 0506+056
• Revisiting the proton synchrotron radiation in blazar jets: Possible contributions from X-ray to $\gamma$-ray bands
• Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A
• Cosmic Clues from Amaterasu: Blazar-Driven Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays?
• Time-integrated constraint on neutrino flux of CHIME fast radio burst sources with 10-year IceCube point-source data
• First Search for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Galaxy Mergers
• Blazars Jets and prospects for TeV-PeV neutrinos & gamma-rays through cosmic-ray interactions
• Hadronic origin of gamma rays and neutrinos from blazars: Multi-messenger implications and observational constraints
• UHECRs Propagation and their Multimessengers: Upper limits and the Impact of the Extragalactic Magnetic Field