GeV Observations of Star-forming Galaxies with \textit{Fermi} LAT

Abstract

Recent detections of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253 by gamma-ray telescopes suggest that galaxies rapidly forming massive stars are more luminous at gamma-ray energies compared to their quiescent relatives. Building upon those results, we examine a sample of 69 dwarf, spiral, and luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies at photon energies 0.1-100 GeV using 3 years of data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the \textit{Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope} (\textit{Fermi}). Measured fluxes from significantly detected sources and flux upper limits for the remaining galaxies are used to explore the physics of cosmic rays in galaxies. We find further evidence for quasi-linear scaling relations between gamma-ray luminosity and both radio continuum luminosity and total infrared luminosity which apply both to quiescent galaxies of the Local Group and low-redshift starburst galaxies (conservative $P$-values $\lesssim 0.05$ accounting for statistical and systematic uncertainties). The normalizations of these scaling relations correspond to luminosity ratios of $\log (L_{0.1-100\mathrm{GeV}}/L_{1.4\mathrm{GHz}})=1.7\pm 0.1_{(\mathrm{statistical})}\pm 0.2_{(\mathrm{dispersion})}$ and $\log (L_{0.1-100\mathrm{GeV}}/L_{8-1000\mu \mathrm{m}})=-4.3\pm 0.1_{(\mathrm{statistical})}\pm 0.2_{(\mathrm{dispersion})}$ for a galaxy with a star formation rate of 1 $M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$, assuming a Chabrier initial mass function. Using the relationship between infrared luminosity and gamma-ray luminosity, the collective intensity of unresolved star-forming galaxies at redshifts $0<z<2.5$ above 0.1 GeV is estimated to be 0.4-2.4 $\times 10^{-6}$ ph cm${}^{-2}$ s${}^{-1}$ sr${}^{-1}$ (4-23% of the intensity of the isotropic diffuse component measured with the LAT). We anticipate that $\sim 10$ galaxies could be detected by their cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission during a 10-year \textit{Fermi} mission.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ. 33 pages, 12 figures

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• Limits on Early Matter Domination from the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background
• An Infrared view of the obscured AGN environment in NGC 4945
• Constraining blazar heating with the 2<z<3 Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• The diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background radiation: star-forming galaxies are not the dominant component
• Evaluation of Hadronic Emission in Starburst Galaxies and Star-forming Galaxies
• Jet physics of accreting super-massive black holes in the era of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• Identifying the Gamma-ray Emission of the Nearby Galaxy M83
• Could the TeV emission of starburst galaxies originate from pulsar wind nebulae?
• Fermi-LAT detection of A new starburst galaxy candidate: IRAS 13052-5711
• Cosmological abundance of primordial black holes in mixed dark matter scenarios incorporating Kaluza-Klein dark matter
• Possible Origin of a Newly Discovered GeV Gamma-ray Source Fermi J1242.5+3236
• CONGRuENTS (COsmic-ray, Neutrino, Gamma-ray and Radio Non-Thermal Spectra). II. Population-level correlations between galactic infrared, radio, and γ-ray emission
• Estimation of redshift and associated uncertainty of Fermi/LAT extra-galactic sources with Deep Learning
• Investigating an angular correlation between nearby starburst galaxies and UHECRs with the Telescope Array experiment
• Astrophysical Evidence of Wakefield Acceleration in Galactic and Extragalactic Jets via Gamma Rays and UHECRs
• Artificial Broadcasts as Galactic Populations: II. Comparing Individualist and Collective Bounds on Broadcast Populations in Single Galaxies
• A geomagnetic filter for the Fermi-LAT background
• Non-thermal emission in the central starburst region of M82
• Neutrinos from extreme astrophysical sources
• The Competing Influence of Ram Pressure and Tidal Interaction in NGC 2276
• Plausible Indication of Gamma-Ray Absorption by Dark Matter in NGC 1068
• Theory of high-energy messengers
• Solving the multi-messenger puzzle of the AGN-starburst composite galaxy NGC 1068
• e-ASTROGAM mission: a major step forward for gamma-ray polarimetry
• Wiener filtering and multi-tracer techniques for dark matter cross-correlations between gamma-ray emission and galaxy catalogs
• Detection of Gamma-ray Halos around Nearby Late-type Galaxies
• Extragalactic Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation
• Echoes of the past: ultra-high energy cosmic rays accelerated by radio galaxies, scattered by starburst galaxies
• Revisiting Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei as an Origin of Cosmic Gamma-ray and Neutrino Backgrounds
• Isotropic diffuse and extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background: emission from extragalactic sources vs dark matter annihilating particles
• Diffuse continuum emission and large extended sources at MeV energies
• The role of magnetic fields in shaping $\gamma$-ray emission from the Fermi bubbles
• Prospect for Future MeV Gamma-ray Active Galactic Nuclei Population Studies
• Hunting Star-Forming Galaxies in the Gamma-Ray Domain
• Search for spatial coincidences between galaxy mergers and Fermi-LAT 4FGL-DR4 sources