Diffuse continuum emission and large extended sources at MeV energies
arXiv:2510.07311 · doi:10.1007/s11214-025-01215-0
Abstract
Future gamma-ray survey instruments, such as newASTROGAM and AMEGO-X, will significantly improve previous and current all-sky surveys at MeV energies. In this paper we discuss the continuum emission from the Milky Way, two prominent large extended sources, the Fermi bubbles and Loop I, and the extragalactic gamma-ray background. We highlight the importance of measurements in the MeV to GeV energy range for understanding CR production and propagation in the Galaxy, for the determination of the nature of the Fermi bubbles and Loop I, and for exploring the origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background.
27 pages, 5 figures, part of the "Unveiling the MeV Universe in the Multi-Messenger Era" collection in Space Science Reviews
References in corpus (94)
- The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Mission
- New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes
- Giant Gamma-ray Bubbles from Fermi-LAT: AGN Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: Instrumentation and Online Systems
- The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV
- Fermi-LAT Observations of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission: Implications for Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Medium
- The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons at TeV energies
- The Fermi Large Area Telescope On Orbit: Event Classification, Instrument Response Functions, and Calibration
- Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
- Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068
- GeV Observations of Star-forming Galaxies with \textit{Fermi} LAT
- Hidden Cosmic-Ray Accelerators as an Origin of TeV-PeV Cosmic Neutrinos
- The Spectrum and Morphology of the Fermi Bubbles
- Microwave ISM Emission Observed by WMAP
- A new determination of the extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background from EGRET data
- Characteristics of the diffuse astrophysical electron and tau neutrino flux with six years of IceCube high energy cascade data
- GALPROP WebRun: an internet-based service for calculating galactic cosmic ray propagation and associated photon emissions
- A decade of Gamma-Ray Bursts observed by -LAT: The 2 GRB catalog
- Science with e-ASTROGAM (A space mission for MeV-GeV gamma-ray astrophysics)
- The Fermi Bubbles: Giant, Multi-Billion-Year-Old Reservoirs of Galactic Center Cosmic Rays
- Inverse Compton Origin of the Hard X-Ray and Soft Gamma-Ray Emission from the Galactic Ridge
- Improved Characterization of the Astrophysical Muon-Neutrino Flux with 9.5 Years of IceCube Data
- Detection of large-scale X-ray bubbles in the Milky Way halo
- Constraining High-Energy Cosmic Neutrino Sources: Implications and Prospects
- Giant Magnetized Outflows from the Centre of the Milky Way
- Spatial distribution of interstellar gas in the innermost 3 kpc of our Galaxy
- The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for Dark-Matter Annihilation
- The Fermi Bubbles. I. Possible Evidence for Recent AGN Jet Activity in the Galaxy
- Cosmic-ray propagation with DRAGON2: I. numerical solver and astrophysical ingredients
- Star-forming galaxies as the origin of diffuse high-energy backgrounds: Gamma-ray and neutrino connections, and implications for starburst history
- The Evolution of Swift/BAT blazars and the origin of the MeV background
- The extragalactic background light revisited and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
- The interstellar cosmic-ray electron spectrum from synchrotron radiation and direct measurements
- Spectral Gamma-ray Signatures of Cosmological Dark Matter Annihilation
- Resolving the Extragalactic -ray Background above 50 GeV with Fermi-LAT
- Revisiting the radial distribution of pulsars in the Galaxy
- Bayesian analysis of cosmic-ray propagation: evidence against homogeneous diffusion
- Contribution of the Gamma-ray Loud Radio Galaxies Core Emissions to the Cosmic MeV and GeV Gamma-Ray Background Radiation
- SPI observations of the diffuse 60Fe emission in the Galaxy
- Limits on Dark Matter Annihilation Signals from the Fermi LAT 4-year Measurement of the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background
- The Accretion History of AGN I: Supermassive Black Hole Population Synthesis Model
- A New Model For The Loop-I (The North Polar Spur) Region
- PICARD: A novel code for the Galactic Cosmic Ray propagation problem
- Fermi-LAT Observations of Two Gamma-Ray Emission Components from the Quiescent Sun
- The Milky Way's Fermi Bubbles: Echoes of the Last Quasar Outburst?
- Diffuse -ray emission from misaligned active galactic nuclei
- INTEGRAL SPI All-Sky View in Soft Gamma Rays: Study of Point Source and Galactic Diffuse Emissions
- Fermi gamma-ray `bubbles' from stochastic acceleration of electrons
- Origin of the Fermi Bubble
- High-Energy Gamma Rays from the Milky Way: Three-Dimensional Spatial Models for the Cosmic-Ray and Radiation Field Densities in the Interstellar Medium
- A Unified Model of the Fermi Bubbles, Microwave Haze, and Polarized Radio Lobes: Reverse Shocks in the Galactic Center's Giant Outflows
- Suzaku observations of the diffuse x-ray emission across the fermi bubbles' edges
- The -ray Emission of Star-Forming Galaxies
- Imprints of Cosmic Rays in Multifrequency Observations of the Interstellar Emission
- Gamma-ray emission from the solar halo and disk: a study with EGRET data
- Diffuse emission measurement with INTEGRAL/SPI as indirect probe of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons
- Cosmic-Ray Background Flux Model based on a Gamma-Ray Large-Area Space Telescope Balloon Flight Engineering Model
- The All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGO-X) Mission Concept
- Hidden Hearts of Neutrino Active Galaxies
- Polarised radio filaments outside the Galactic plane
- Evidence for Gamma-ray Jets in the Milky Way
- The X-ray Background and AGNs
- The Fermi Bubbles as Starburst Wind Termination Shocks
- Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of the Cosmic-Ray Induced gamma-ray Emission of the Earth's Atmosphere
- The Fermi Bubbles: Gamma-ray, Microwave, and Polarization Signatures of Leptonic AGN Jets
- Background for a gamma-ray satellite on a low-Earth orbit
- Fermi and eRosita bubbles as relics of the past activity of the Galactic black hole
- AMEGO: Exploring the Extreme Multimessenger Universe
- Strong constraints on primordial black hole dark matter from 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI observations
- The Star-Forming Galaxy Contribution to the Cosmic MeV and GeV Gamma-Ray Background
- The Cosmic MeV Gamma-ray Background and Hard X-ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for the Origin of Hot AGN Coronae
- The Galactic Al emission map as revealed by INTEGRAL/SPI
- X-ray and Gamma-ray Observations of the Fermi Bubbles and NPS/Loop I Structures
- Gamma-ray Emission of 60Fe and 26Al Radioactivities in our Galaxy
- Star-Forming Galaxies Significantly Contribute to the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Background
- The COMPTEL instrumental line background
- Radio Galaxies Dominate the High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background
- Diffuse Galactic emission spectrum between 0.5 and 8.0 MeV
- Clues to the origin of Fermi Bubbles from OVIII/OVII line ratio
- Hard and bright gamma-ray emission at the base of the Fermi bubbles
- The origin of the cosmic gamma-ray background in the MeV range
- Imaging the 511 keV positron annihilation sky with COSI
- On the distance to the North Polar Spur and the local CO-H2 factor
- Suzaku and XMM-Newton Observations of the North Polar Spur: Charge Exchange or ISM Absorption?
- A Latitude-Dependent Analysis of the Leptonic Hypothesis for the Fermi Bubbles
- A Way Out of the Bubble Trouble? - Upon Reconstructing the Origin of the Local Bubble and Loop I via Radioisotopic Signatures on Earth
- Implications on Spatial Models of Interstellar Gamma-Ray Inverse-Compton Emission from Synchrotron Emission Studies in Radio and Microwaves
- Probing the Galactic Diffuse Continuum Emission with COSI
- Misaligned jets from Sgr A and the origin of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles
- Analysis of WMAP 7-year Temperature Data: Astrophysics of the Galactic Haze
- Unveiling the Fermi Bubbles origin with MeV photon telescopes
- Anomalous Ionization in the Central Molecular Zone by sub-GeV Dark Matter
- MeV Gamma-Ray Source Contribution to the Inner Galactic Diffuse Emission
- Signatures of Recent Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the High-Latitude -Ray Sky