Misaligned jets from Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ and the origin of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles

Abstract

One of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is a past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A${}^{\ast }$. The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the orientation of pc-scale nuclear stellar disk and gas streams, and a low inclination of the accretion disk around Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ inferred by the Event Horizon Telescope, we perform hydrodynamical simulations of nuclear jets significantly tilted relative to the Galactic rotation axis. The observed axisymmetry and hemisymmetry (north-south symmetry) of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles (FEBs) due to quasi-steady jets in Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ can be produced if the jet had a super-Eddington power ($\gtrsim 5\times 10^{44}$ erg s${}^{-1}$) for a short time (jet active period $\lesssim 6$ kyr) for a reasonable jet opening angle ($\lesssim 10^{\circ }$). Such powerful explosions are, however, incompatible with the observed O VIII/O VII line ratio towards the bubbles, even after considering electron-proton temperature non-equilibrium. We argue that the only remaining options for producing FEBs are i) a low-luminosity ($\approx 10^{40.5-41}$ erg s${}^{-1}$)) magnetically dominated jet or accretion wind from the Sgr A${}^{\ast }$, and ii) a SNe or TDE driven wind of a similar luminosity from the Galactic center.

arXiv comment12 pages. Submitted to ApJ. Comments are welcome

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