Multi-wavelength features of Fermi Bubbles as signatures of a Galactic wind

Abstract

Using hydrodynamical simulations, we show for the first time that an episode of star formation in the center of the Milky Way, with a star-formation-rate (SFR) $\sim 0.5$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ for $\sim 30$ Myr, can produce bubbles that resemble the Fermi Bubbles (FBs), when viewed from the solar position. The morphology, extent and multi-wavelength observations of FBs, especially X-rays, constrain various physical parameters such as SFR, age, and the circum-galactic medium (CGM) density. We show that the interaction of the CGM with the Galactic wind driven by a star formation in the central region can explain the observed surface brightness and morphological features of X-rays associated with the Fermi Bubbles. Furthermore, assuming that cosmic ray electrons are accelerated {\it in situ} by shocks and/or turbulence, the brightness and morphology of gamma-ray emission and the microwave haze can be explained. The kinematics of the cold and warm clumps in our model also matches with recent observations of absorption lines through the bubbles.

14 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (42)

• The origin of Galactic cosmic rays: challenges to the standard paradigm
• X-ray bubbles in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: signposts of supermassive black hole activity
• The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• Outflows and extended [CII] halos in high redshift galaxies
• X-ray and Gamma-ray Observations of the Fermi Bubbles and NPS/Loop I Structures
• The Spatially Uniform Spectrum of the Fermi Bubbles: the Leptonic AGN Jet Scenario
• Unveiling the Origin of the Fermi Bubbles
• Simulating the Fermi Bubbles as Forward Shocks Driven by AGN Jets
• The effect of cosmic-ray acceleration on supernova blast wave dynamics
• Mapping Outflowing Gas in the Fermi Bubbles: a UV Absorption Survey of the Galactic Nuclear Wind
• Tracing the Milky Way Nuclear Wind with 21cm Atomic Hydrogen Emission
• Clues to the origin of Fermi Bubbles from OVIII/OVII line ratio
• On the distance to the North Polar Spur and the local CO-H2 factor
• [CII] halos in ALPINE galaxies: smoking-gun of galactic outflows?
• Possible connection between the asymmetry of North Polar Spur and Loop I with Fermi Bubbles
• Galactic-Center Hyper-Shell Model for the North Polar Spurs
• The Propagation of Cosmic Rays from the Galactic Wind Termination Shock: Back to the Galaxy?
• The hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky-Way: new insights from XMM-Newton observations
• Fermi bubble edges: spectrum and diffusion function
• A Latitude-Dependent Analysis of the Leptonic Hypothesis for the Fermi Bubbles
• A Supernova-driven, Magnetically-collimated Outflow as the Origin of the Galactic Center Radio Bubbles
• Cosmic Rays in a Galactic Breeze
• Interaction of the Galactic-Centre Super Bubbles with the Gaseous Disc
• Misaligned jets from Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ and the origin of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles
• Discovery of High-Velocity H$\alpha$ Emission in the Direction of the Fermi Bubble
• The Fermi bubbles from stochastic acceleration of electrons in a Galactic outflow
• A CO Funnel in the Galactic Centre: Molecular Counterpart of the Northern Galactic Chimney?
• Diagnostics of Gaseous Halo of the Milky Way by a Shock Wave from the Galactic Centre
• Fermi bubbles: high latitude X-ray supersonic shell
• Diverse metallicities of Fermi bubble clouds indicate dual origins in the disk and halo
• Fermi bubbles: the collimated outburst needed to explain forward-shock edges
• North Polar Spur: gaseous plume(s) from star-forming regions at $\sim$3-5 kpc from Galactic Center?
• The Bending Feature of the Fermi Bubbles: A Presumed Horizontal Galactic Wind and Its Implication on the Bubbles' Age
• CO Emission Delineating the Interface between the Milky Way Nuclear Wind Cavity and the Gaseous Disk
• Probing the Halo Gas Distribution in the Inner Galaxy with Fermi Bubble Observations
• Disc-halo gas outflows driven by stellar clusters as seen in multiwavelength tracers
• On the origin of the $10^7$ K hot emitting gas in the Circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way
• Not gone with the Wind: Survival of High-Velocity Molecular Clouds in the Galactic center
• Galactic Cosmic-Rays in a Breeze
• Evidence for powerful winds and the associated reverse shock as the origin of the Fermi bubbles
• Detection of Anisotropies in the Circumgalactic Medium of Disk Galaxies: Supermassive Black Hole Activity or Star Formation-driven Outflows?
• How is Cold Gas Loaded into Galactic Nuclear Outflows?