The origin of Galactic cosmic rays: challenges to the standard paradigm

Abstract

A critical review of the standard paradigm for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays is presented. Recent measurements of local and far-away cosmic rays reveal unexpected behaviours, which challenge the commonly accepted scenario. These recent findings are discussed, together with long-standing open issues. Despite the progress made thanks to ever-improving observational techniques and theoretical investigations, at present our understanding of the origin and of the behaviour of cosmic rays remains incomplete. We believe it is still unclear whether a modification of the standard paradigm, or rather a radical change of the paradigm itself is needed in order to interpret all the available data on cosmic rays within a self-consistent scenario.

arXiv commentReview based on a series of discussions that took place at the "The High-Energy Universe: Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Cosmic-ray Astronomy" MIAPP workshop in 2018

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Cited by in corpus (121)

• Astronuclear Physics: a Tale of the Atomic Nuclei in the Skies
• AMS-100: The Next Generation Magnetic Spectrometer in Space -- An International Science Platform for Physics and Astrophysics at Lagrange Point 2
• The Coherent Magnetic Field of the Milky Way
• The low rate of Galactic pevatrons
• Galactic factories of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons
• The Hunt for Pevatrons: The Case of Supernova Remnants
• Combined analysis of AMS-02 (Li,Be,B)/C, N/O, 3He, and 4He data
• Diffusion of cosmic rays in MHD turbulence with magnetic mirrors
• Cosmic ray production in superbubbles
• Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
• The Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays as Revealed by their Composition
• ASTRI Mini-Array Core Science at the Observatorio del Teide
• Cosmic-Ray Diffusion Suppression in Star-forming Regions Inhibits Clump Formation in Gas-rich Galaxies
• Test particle simulations of cosmic rays
• Galactic diffuse gamma rays meet the PeV frontier
• Low energy cosmic rays
• Realistic modeling of wind and supernovae shocks in star clusters: addressing ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}{/}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ and other problems in Galactic cosmic rays
• Gamma rays as probes of cosmic-ray propagation and interactions in galaxies
• Diffuse Emission of Galactic High-Energy Neutrinos from a Global Fit of Cosmic Rays
• The theory of cosmic-ray scattering on pre-existing MHD modes meets data
• Simulations of cosmic ray propagation
• Stochastic Fluctuations of Low-Energy Cosmic Rays and the Interpretation of Voyager Data
• New physics of strong interaction and Dark Universe
• Features in cosmic-ray lepton data unveil the properties of nearby cosmic accelerators
• New minimal, median, and maximal propagation models for dark matter searches with Galactic cosmic rays
• The gamma-ray / infrared luminosity correlation of star-forming galaxies
• Explaining cosmic ray antimatter with secondaries from old supernova remnants
• Turbulent diffusion of streaming cosmic rays in compressible, partially ionised plasma
• FLUKA cross sections for cosmic-ray interactions with the DRAGON2 code
• Where are Milky Way's Hadronic PeVatrons?
• Understanding the TeV $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive star cluster Westerlund 1
• The supernova remnant SN 1006 as a Galactic particle accelerator
• Grammage of cosmic rays in the proximity of supernova remnants embedded in a partially ionized medium
• Giant cosmic ray halos around M31 and the Milky Way
• Constraining Cosmic-ray Transport with Observations of the Circumgalactic Medium
• Multi-wavelength study of the galactic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157
• Spectral signatures of PeVatrons
• Stochasticity of Cosmic Rays from Supernova Remnants and the Ionization Rates in Molecular Clouds
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants
• Thermal radio absorption as a tracer of the interaction of SNRs with their environments
• A diffusive origin for the cosmic-ray spectral hardening reveals signatures of a nearbysource in the leptons and protons data
• Constraining dark matter annihilation with cosmic ray antiprotons using neural networks
• The contribution of Galactic TeV pulsar wind nebulae to Fermi-LAT diffuse emission
• Constraining the cosmic ray spectrum in the vicinity of the supernova remnant W28: from sub-GeV to multi-TeV energies
• Particle acceleration at colliding shock waves
• Multiple emission components in the Cygnus cocoon detected from Fermi-LAT observations
• Correction Method for the Readout Saturation of the DAMPE Calorimeter
• Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae
• Particle acceleration and multi-messenger radiation from Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources: A new class of Galactic PeVatrons
• The LHAASO PeVatron bright sky: what we learned
• Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton
• Turbulent Reacceleration of Streaming Cosmic Rays
• Search for Extended Sources of Neutrino Emission in the Galactic Plane with IceCube
• Cosmic ray driven galactic winds
• Gamma-ray halos around pulsars: impact on pulsar wind physics and galactic cosmic ray transport
• Galactic Diffuse Neutrino Emission from Sources beyond the Discovery Horizon
• Probing the hadronic nature of the gamma-ray emission associated with Westerlund 2
• Microphysics of diffusive shock acceleration: impact on the spectrum of accelerated particles
• Cosmic rays from massive star clusters : A close look at Westerlund 1
• The first days of type II-P core collapse supernovae in the gamma-ray range
• Interstellar anatomy of the TeV gamma-ray peak in the IC443 supernova remnant
• Steepening of Cosmic Ray Spectra in Shocks with Varying Magnetic Field Direction
• Early-time gamma-ray constraints on cosmic-ray acceleration in the core-collapse SN 2023ixf with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Multi-TeV dark matter density in the inner Milky Way halo: spectral and dynamical constraints
• Local interstellar spectra and solar modulation of cosmic ray electrons and positrons
• Study of the GeV to TeV morphology of the $\gamma$-Cygni SNR (G78.2+2.1) with MAGIC and Fermi-LAT
• Cosmic ray diffusion in magnetic fields amplified by nonlinear turbulent dynamo
• Unveiling the nature of galactic TeV sources with IceCube results
• Evidence for non-thermal X-ray emission from the double WR colliding-wind binary Apep
• Probing LHAASO Galactic PeVatrons through gamma-ray and neutrino correspondence
• On the origin of the spectral features observed in the cosmic ray spectrum
• Microquasar Cyg X-3 -- a unique jet-wind neutrino factory?
• Universal properties of primary and secondary cosmic ray energy spectra
• Diffuse Galactic Gamma-rays from star clusters
• Microquasar jet-cocoon systems as PeVatrons
• Stellar-wind feedback and magnetic fields around young compact star clusters: 3D MHD simulations
• Neutrinos from the gamma-ray source eHWC J1825-134: predictions for Km${}^3$ detectors
• eROSITA X-ray Analysis of the PeVatron Candidate Westerlund 1
• The Origin of the Very-High-Energy Diffuse $\gamma$-Ray Emission: The Case for Galactic Source Cocoons
• A gamma-ray study of galactic PeVatron candidates LHAASO J1825-1326 and LHAASO J1839-0545
• Constraining Time Dependent Dark Matter Signals from the Sun
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• Cosmic Ray Diffusion in the Turbulent Interstellar Medium: Effects of Mirror Diffusion and Pitch Angle Scattering
• Examining the secondary product origin of cosmic ray positrons with the latest AMS-02 data
• Lévy Flights and Leaky Boxes: Anomalous Diffusion of Cosmic Rays
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• Investigating the CREDIT history of supernova remnants as cosmic-ray sources
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• A new break near 10 TeV in the energy spectrum of protons according to data from space-based instruments: astrophysical interpretation
• Searching for a Galactic component in the IceCube track-like neutrino events
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• Precise Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Spectrum above 0.1 PeV
• Exploring non-thermal emission from the star-forming region NGC 3603 through a realistic modelling of its environment
• Between the cosmic-ray `knee' and the `ankle': Contribution from star clusters
• Chaotic Behavior of Trapped Cosmic Rays
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• SECRET: Stochasticity Emulator for Cosmic Ray Electrons
• MHD decomposition explains diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission in Cygnus X
• Can a single supernova remnant account for the gamma-ray emission of G106.3+2.7?
• Young Massive Star Clusters as TeV Emitters: Constraints from H.E.S.S. and LHAASO
• The influence of the 3D Galactic gas structure on cosmic-ray transport and $\gamma$-ray emission
• Stochastic modelling of cosmic-ray sources for Galactic diffuse emissions
• Fermi-LAT View on Three Ultra-high-energy 1LHAASO Sources in the $52^{\circ }<l<55^{\circ }$ Region
• Suppressed diffusion and gamma-ray emission from the Cygnus bubble
• TeV-PeV Gamma-ray and Neutrino Emission in the Galactic Plane
• Morphology of Young Massive Stellar Clusters with Next-Generation IACTs
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• The Effects of Cosmic-Ray Diffusion and Radiative Cooling on the Galactic Wind from the Milky Way
• Cosmic ray north-south anisotropy: rigidity spectrum and solar cycle variations observed by ground-based muon detectors
• Deciphering the spectral bumps of Galactic cosmic rays through gamma-ray observations of nearby molecular clouds
• Self-confinement of low-energy cosmic rays around supernova remnants
• Can superbubbles accelerate ultra-high energy protons?
• Particle acceleration to PeV energies in Pulsar Wind Nebula: a two zone model