Pulsars as the Sources of High Energy Cosmic Ray Positrons

Abstract

Recent results from the PAMELA satellite indicate the presence of a large flux of positrons (relative to electrons) in the cosmic ray spectrum between approximately 10 and 100 GeV. As annihilating dark matter particles in many models are predicted to contribute to the cosmic ray positron spectrum in this energy range, a great deal of interest has resulted from this observation. Here, we consider pulsars (rapidly spinning, magnetized neutron stars) as an alternative source of this signal. After calculating the contribution to the cosmic ray positron and electron spectra from pulsars, we find that the spectrum observed by PAMELA could plausibly originate from such sources. In particular, a significant contribution is expected from the sum of all mature pulsars throughout the Milky Way, as well as from the most nearby mature pulsars (such as Geminga and B0656+14). The signal from nearby pulsars is expected to generate a small but significant dipole anisotropy in the cosmic ray electron spectrum, potentially providing a method by which the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope would be capable of discriminating between the pulsar and dark matter origins of the observed high energy positrons.

10 pages, 5 figures; updated to include published Pamela results; version to appear in JCAP

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• Hawking Radiation Signatures from Primordial Black Holes Transiting the Inner Solar System: Prospects for Detection
• Spectra of cosmic ray electrons and diffuse gamma rays with the constraints of AMS-02 and HESS data
• Geminga contribution to the cosmic-ray positron excess according to the gamma-ray observations
• Pseudo-Familon Dark Matter
• Detection of precessing circumpulsar disks
• Explaining the AMS positron excess via Right-handed Neutrinos
• Is PSR J0855$-$4644 responsible for the 1.4 TeV electron spectral bump hinted by DAMPE?
• Electron-Capture Isotopes could Constrain Cosmic-Ray Propagation Models
• Consistent explanation for the cosmic-ray positron excess in p-wave Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter annihilation
• Reexamine the dark matter scenario accounting for the positron excess in a new cosmic ray propagation model
• Indirect searches for dark matter with the Fermi LAT instrument
• Dark matter in natural supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model
• Constraining the production of cosmic rays by pulsars
• Possible counterpart signal of the Fermi bubbles at the cosmic-ray positrons
• A New Approach to Searching for Dark Matter Signals in Fermi-LAT Gamma Rays
• An Interpretation of the Cosmic Ray $e^{+}+e^{-}$ Spectrum from 10 GeV to 3 TeV Measured by CALET on the ISS
• Dark matter signals and cosmic ray anomalies in an extended seesaw model
• New estimate for the contribution of the Geminga pulsar to the positron excess
• Possible spectral irregularities in the AMS-02 positron spectrum
• Combined analyses of the antiproton production from cosmic-ray interactions and its possible dark matter origin
• Through the Heliospheric Lens: Directional Deflection of High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons and Positrons
• On the contribution of the bow shock pulsar wind nebula PSR J0437-4715 to the observed fluxes of GeV-TeV positrons and antiprotons
• On the stochastic nature of Galactic cosmic-ray sources
• What can we learn from a sharply falling positron fraction?
• Experimental Summary: Very High Energy Cosmic Rays and their Interactions
• Anisotropic Diffusion in Pulsar Halos: Interpreting the asymmetric morphology of Geminga and Monogem halos measured by HAWC