The Characterization of the Gamma-Ray Signal from the Central Milky Way: A Compelling Case for Annihilating Dark Matter

Abstract

Past studies have identified a spatially extended excess of $\sim$1-3 GeV gamma rays from the region surrounding the Galactic Center, consistent with the emission expected from annihilating dark matter. We revisit and scrutinize this signal with the intention of further constraining its characteristics and origin. By applying cuts to the \textit{Fermi} event parameter CTBCORE, we suppress the tails of the point spread function and generate high resolution gamma-ray maps, enabling us to more easily separate the various gamma-ray components. Within these maps, we find the GeV excess to be robust and highly statistically significant, with a spectrum, angular distribution, and overall normalization that is in good agreement with that predicted by simple annihilating dark matter models. For example, the signal is very well fit by a 36-51 GeV dark matter particle annihilating to $b\bar{b}$ with an annihilation cross section of $\sigma v=(1-3)\times 10^{-26}$ cm${}^3$/s (normalized to a local dark matter density of 0.4 GeV/cm${}^3$). Furthermore, we confirm that the angular distribution of the excess is approximately spherically symmetric and centered around the dynamical center of the Milky Way (within $\sim$$0.05^{\circ }$ of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$), showing no sign of elongation along the Galactic Plane. The signal is observed to extend to at least $\simeq 10^{\circ }$ from the Galactic Center, disfavoring the possibility that this emission originates from millisecond pulsars.

30 pages, 34 figures

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• High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center
• Assessing the Impact of Hydrogen Absorption on the Characteristics of the Galactic Center Excess
• Searching for dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the IceCube Upgrade
• New energy spectra in neutrino and photon detectors to reveal hidden dark matter signals
• Signals for vector-like leptons in an $S_3$-symmetric 2HDM at ILC
• Does the gamma-ray signal from the central Milky Way indicate Sommerfeld enhancement of dark matter annihilation?
• What Can Gamma-rays from Space tell us About the Madala Hypothesis?
• The contribution to Galactic Centre γ-ray excess from cluster-born millisecond pulsars. Constraints from direct N-body simulations