Thermodynamic Evolution of Secluded Vector Dark Matter: Conventional WIMPs and Nonconventional WIMPs

Abstract

The secluded dark matter resides within a hidden sector and self-annihilates into lighter mediators which subsequently decay to the Standard Model (SM) particles. Depending on the coupling strength of the mediator to the SM, the hidden sector can be kinetically decoupled from the SM bath when the temperature drops below the mediator's mass, and the dark matter annihilation cross section at freeze-out is thus possible to be boosted above the conventional value of weak interacting massive particles. We present a comprehensive study on thermodynamic evolution of the hidden sector from the first principle, using the simplest secluded vector dark matter model. Motivated by the observation of Galactic center gamma-ray excess, we take two mass sets $\sim \mathcal{O}(80\text{GeV})$ for the dark matter and mediator as examples to illustrate the thermodynamics. The coupled Boltzmann moment equations for number densities and temperature evolutions of the hidden sector are numerically solved. The formalism can be easily extended to a general secluded dark matter model. We show that a long-lived mediator can result in a boosted dark matter annihilation cross section to account for the relic abundance. We further show the parameter space which provides a good fit to the Galactic center excess data and is compatible with the current bounds and LUX-ZEPLIN projected sensitivity. We find that the future observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies offer promising reach to probe the most relic allowed parameter space relevant to the boosted dark matter annihilation cross section.

arXiv comment51 pages, 15 figures; some typos and equations corrected

References in corpus (44)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• The Anatomy of Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking. II: The Higgs bosons in the Minimal Supersymmetric Model
• Secluded WIMP Dark Matter
• Dark Matter Results From 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment
• Dark Matter Annihilation in The Galactic Center As Seen by the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope
• PPPC 4 DM ID: A Poor Particle Physicist Cookbook for Dark Matter Indirect Detection
• The SIMP Miracle
• Update on scalar singlet dark matter
• MeV-scale Reheating Temperature and Thermalization of Neutrino Background
• On The Origin Of The Gamma Rays From The Galactic Center
• The Characterization of the Gamma-Ray Signal from the Central Milky Way: A Compelling Case for Annihilating Dark Matter
• Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation in Recently Discovered Milky Way Satellites with Fermi-LAT
• Detection of a Gamma-Ray Source in the Galactic Center Consistent with Extended Emission from Dark Matter Annihilation and Concentrated Astrophysical Emission
• Background model systematics for the Fermi GeV excess
• Dark Matter and Pulsar Model Constraints from Galactic Center Fermi-LAT Gamma Ray Observations
• Cosmological Constraints on Late-time Entropy Production
• Weak Corrections are Relevant for Dark Matter Indirect Detection
• Bounds on very low reheating scenarios after Planck
• A Tale of Tails: Dark Matter Interpretations of the Fermi GeV Excess in Light of Background Model Systematics
• Particle Models and the Small-Scale Structure of Dark Matter
• Indirect Dark Matter Signatures in the Cosmic Dark Ages II. Ionization, Heating and Photon Production from Arbitrary Energy Injections
• Elastically Decoupling Dark Matter
• Thermal Dark Matter From A Highly Decoupled Sector
• Hidden On-Shell Mediators for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Cannibal Dark Matter
• Fitting the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess with Cascade Annihilations
• Higgs portal vector dark matter for $\mathrm{GeV}$ scale $\gamma$-ray excess from galactic center
• Co-Decaying Dark Matter
• Hidden Sector Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Dark Matter Interpretation of the Fermi-LAT Observation Toward the Galactic Center
• Multi-Step Cascade Annihilations of Dark Matter and the Galactic Center Excess
• Phases of Cannibal Dark Matter
• Galactic center $\gamma$-ray excess in hidden sector DM models with dark gauge symmetries: local $Z_3$ symmetry as an example
• Phenomenology of ELDER Dark Matter
• Matter Power Spectrum in Hidden Neutrino Interacting Dark Matter Models: A Closer Look at the Collision Term
• The High-Energy Tail of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• The effect of quark interactions on dark matter kinetic decoupling and the mass of the smallest dark halos
• Secluded singlet fermionic dark matter driven by the Fermi gamma-ray excess
• Searching for Secluded Dark Matter with H.E.S.S., Fermi-LAT, and Planck
• Kinetic decoupling of WIMPs: analytic expressions
• Hidden Sector Dark Matter and the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess: A Closer Look
• Hidden Higgs Portal Vector Dark Matter for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess from the Two-Step Cascade Annihilation, and Muon g-2
• Search for Scalar Dark Matter via Pseudoscalar Portal Interactions: In Light of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Dark QCD Matters
• Self-interacting freeze-in dark matter in a singlet doublet scenario
• Impact of dark matter self-scattering on its relic abundance
• Large $N$-ightmare Dark Matter
• Freeze-out Forbidden Dark Matter in the Hidden Sector in the Mass Range from sub-GeV to TeV
• Reshuffled Strongly Interacting Massive Particle Dark Matter
• A Potentially Detectable Gamma-Ray Line in the Fermi Galactic Center Excess -- In Light of One-Step Cascade Annihilations of Secluded (Vector) Dark Matter via the Higgs Portal
• MeV scale model of SIMP dark matter, neutrino mass and leptogenesis
• When Freeze-out occurs due to a non-Boltzmann suppression: A study of degenerate dark sector
• Diffusion of Cosmic Antiprotons Generated throughout the Dark Matter Halo -- A Semi-Analytical Solution for a Linear Galactic Wind Model