Cosmological Constraints on Late-time Entropy Production

Abstract

We investigate cosmological effects concerning the late-time entropy production due to the decay of non-relativistic massive particles. The thermalization process of neutrinos after the entropy production is properly solved by using the Boltzmann equation. If a large entropy production takes place at late time t$\simeq$ 1 sec, it is found that a large fraction of neutrinos cannot be thermalized. This fact loosens the tight constraint on the reheating temperature T_R from the big bang nucleosynthesis and T_R could be as low as 0.5 MeV. The influence on the large scale structure formation and cosmic microwave background anisotropies is also discussed.

4 pages, using RevTeX and five postscript figures, comments added, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

Cited by in corpus (292)

• Wino Cold Dark Matter from Anomaly-Mediated SUSY Breaking
• MeV-scale Reheating Temperature and Thermalization of Neutrino Background
• Neutrinos in cosmology
• What is the lowest possible reheating temperature?
• Primordial Nucleosynthesis: from precision cosmology to fundamental physics
• Signatures of Relativistic Neutrinos in CMB Anisotropy and Matter Clustering
• MeV-scale reheating temperature and thermalization of oscillating neutrinos by radiative and hadronic decays of massive particles
• Bounds on very low reheating scenarios after Planck
• Neutralino with the Right Cold Dark Matter Abundance in (Almost) Any Supersymmetric Model
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Reheating predictions in single field inflation
• The First Three Seconds: a Review of Possible Expansion Histories of the Early Universe
• Constraints on the Reheating Temperature in Gravitino Dark Matter Scenarios
• Physics potential of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)
• Implications of the NANOGrav results for inflation
• Opening a new window for warm dark matter
• Moduli-Induced Gravitino Problem
• Dark Matter Axions Revisited
• Stringent Constraints on Cosmological Neutrino-Antineutrino Asymmetries from Synchronized Flavor Transformation
• Non-thermal Dark Matter and the Moduli Problem in String Frameworks
• Sterile Neutrinos
• The oscillation effects on thermalization of the neutrinos in the universe with low reheating temperature
• Dark Matter Candidates: A Ten-Point Test
• Probing reheating temperature of the universe with gravitational wave background
• Low reheating temperature and the visible sterile neutrino
• Non-Gaussianities and chiral gravitational waves in natural steep inflation
• Cosmological Moduli and the Post-Inflationary Universe: A Critical Review
• The effect of a late decaying scalar on the neutralino relic density
• Non-Gaussianity, Spectral Index and Tensor Modes in Mixed Inflaton and Curvaton Models
• Probing the pre-BBN universe with gravitational waves from cosmic strings
• Reheating Effects in the Matter Power Spectrum and Implications for Substructure
• New constraints on primordial gravitational waves from Planck 2015
• Running Kinetic Inflation
• Dark Matter Candidates - Axions, Neutralinos, Gravitinos, and Axinos
• Axion cold dark matter in non-standard cosmologies
• Gravitinos from Heavy Scalar Decay
• Primordial Black Holes for the LIGO Events in the Axion-like Curvaton Model
• Gravitational waves induced from primordial black hole fluctuations: The effect of an extended mass function
• Dynamical Dark Matter: II. An Explicit Model
• Gravitational Waves as a Big Bang Thermometer
• Gravitational wave constraints on the primordial black hole dominated early universe
• Primordial black holes as dark matter and gravitational waves from single-field polynomial inflation
• Moduli/Inflaton Mixing with Supersymmetry Breaking Field
• A Telescope Search for Decaying Relic Axions
• Observable induced gravitational waves from an early matter phase
• BBN for the LHC: constraints on lifetimes of the Higgs portal scalars
• Probing the equation of state of the early Universe with pulsar timing arrays
• Reheating in $R^2$ Palatini inflationary models
• Black Hole Formation in Core-Collapse Supernovae and Time-of-Flight Measurements of the Neutrino Masses
• Ultraviolet Freeze-in and Non-Standard Cosmologies
• The 7 keV axion dark matter and the X-ray line signal
• Primordial Neutrinos
• BBN constraints on MeV-scale dark sectors. Part II. Electromagnetic decays
• Impact of neutrino properties on the estimation of inflationary parameters from current and future observations
• The Dark Matter Annihilation Boost from Low-Temperature Reheating
• An Extended Analysis of Heavy Neutral Leptons during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Increasing the effective number of neutrinos with decaying particles
• Non-Gaussianity from Curvatons Revisited
• Sterile neutrino dark matter in $B-L$ extension of the standard model and galactic 511 keV line
• The Irreducible Axion Background
• Cosmological implications of supersymmetric axion models
• Dynamically induced Planck scale and inflation in the Palatini formulation
• Probing the Early Universe with Axion Physics and Gravitational Waves
• Strong constraint on large extra dimensions from cosmology
• Primordial Magnetic Fields from the Post-Inflationary Universe
• Axion constraints in non-standard thermal histories
• Scalar induced gravitational waves from primordial black hole Poisson fluctuations in $f(R)$ gravity
• Moduli-Induced Axion Problem
• Leptogenesis via Axion Oscillations after Inflation
• Updated Constraints and Forecasts on Primordial Tensor Modes
• Inelastic Dark Matter Electron Scattering and the XENON1T Excess
• Neutralino Warm Dark Matter
• Axion Dark Matter in the Time of Primordial Black Holes
• Axion Miniclusters in Modified Cosmological Histories
• MeV sterile neutrinos in low reheating temperature cosmological scenarios
• Universal Upper Bound on the Inflationary Energy Scale from the Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture
• Preheating and the non-gaussianity of the curvature perturbation
• The challenge of ruling out inflation via the primordial graviton background
• Effect of Inhomogeneity on Primordial Black Hole Formation in the Matter Dominated Era
• Ultra-cold WIMPs: relics of non-standard pre-BBN cosmologies
• Light axion-like dark matter must be present during inflation
• Self-Organised Localisation
• Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in the Early Universe: Mass and Spin Distributions
• WIMPs, FIMPs, and Inflaton phenomenology via reheating, CMB and $\Delta N_{eff}$
• Constraint on the Effective Number of Neutrino Species from the WMAP and SDSS LRG Power Spectra
• Moduli Vacuum Misalignment and Precise Predictions in String Inflation
• Moduli Portal Dark Matter
• Constraining Non-thermal and Thermal properties of Dark Matter
• Limits from BBN on Light Electromagnetic Decays
• Standard Model Neutrinos as Warm Dark Matter
• SUSY Constraints, Relic Density, and Very Early Universe
• Curvatons in Supersymmetric Models
• Primordial Black Hole Archaeology with Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Strings
• Supersymmetry, Nonthermal Dark Matter and Precision Cosmology
• ALP Dark Matter in a Primordial Black Hole Dominated Universe
• Hunting the lightest lightest neutralinos
• Prospect for relic neutrino searches
• Neutralino Dark Matter from Heavy Gravitino Decay
• Connecting CMB anisotropy and cold dark matter phenomenology via reheating
• (Non-)thermal production of WIMPs during kination
• Non-thermal Production of Dark Matter from Late-Decaying Scalar Field at Intermediate Scale
• Probing the Effective Number of Neutrino Species with Cosmic Microwave Background
• Induced Gravitational Wave interpretation of PTA data: a complete study for general equation of state
• Production and dilution of gravitinos by modulus decay
• Simultaneously probing the sound speed and equation of state of the early Universe with pulsar timing arrays
• Cosmological neutrinos
• How to relax the cosmological neutrino mass bound
• Annihilation Signatures of Hidden Sector Dark Matter Within Early-Forming Microhalos
• Holographic realization from inflation to reheating in generalized entropic cosmology
• Big bang nucleosynthesis with a varying fine structure constant and non-standard expansion rate
• On Inflationary Scale, Reheating Scale and Pre-BBN Cosmology with Scalar Fields
• Search for Dark Matter
• Non-Gaussianity from Symmetry
• Freezing-In Gravitational Waves
• Cosmological implications of $n_s\approx 1$ in light of the Hubble tension
• Breaking a dark degeneracy: The gamma-ray signature of early matter domination
• New Constraints on Dark Matter Production during Kination
• Inflation, baryogenesis and gravitino dark matter at ultra low reheat temperatures
• Kinetic decoupling of WIMPs: analytic expressions
• Asymmetric dark matter annihilation as a test of non-standard cosmologies
• Metric perturbation from inflationary magnetic field and generic bound on inflation models
• New opportunities for axion dark matter searches in nonstandard cosmological models
• Sterile neutrino production in models with low reheating temperatures
• Leptogenesis, Gravitino Dark Matter and Entropy Production
• Phenomenological Constraints on Axion Models of Dynamical Dark Matter
• Ultrahigh frequency primordial gravitational waves beyond the kHz: The case of cosmic strings
• Probing modified Hawking evaporation with gravitational waves from the primordial black hole dominated universe
• Gravitino Dark Matter from Inflaton Decay
• The Decay of the Inflaton in No-scale Supergravity
• Expansion history-dependent oscillations in the scalar-induced gravitational wave background
• Gravitational wave signals and cosmological consequences of gravitational reheating
• Cosmological aspects of inflation in a supersymmetric axion model
• Cosmological Dependence of Non-resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrinos
• Accounting for the time evolution of the equation of state parameter during reheating
• Constraints on the Very Early Universe from Thermal WIMP Dark Matter
• Testing Super-Heavy Dark Matter from Primordial Black Holes with Gravitational Waves
• The Interplay between the Dark Matter Axion and Primordial Black Holes
• Revisiting the Constraint on the Helium Abundance from CMB
• Towards a reliable calculation of relic radiation from primordial gravitational waves
• 511 keV line from Q balls in the Galactic Center
• Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Left-Right Theories
• Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture and Non-thermal post-inflationary history
• Big-bang nucleosynthesis with sub-GeV massive decaying particles
• Reheating, Multifield Inflation and the Fate of the Primordial Observables
• Geometrical destabilization, premature end of inflation and Bayesian model selection
• Gravitational waves from kinks on infinite cosmic strings
• The QCD Axion and Gravitational Waves in light of NANOGrav results
• On the viability of quintessential inflationary models from observational data
• Non-Gaussianity from Axionic Curvaton
• Cosmological perturbations for an inflaton field coupled to radiation
• Making the Universe at 20 MeV
• Two phase reheating: CMB constraints on inflaton and dark matter phenomenology
• Boosted Neutrinos and Relativistic Dark Particles as Messengers from Reheating
• Entropy production by Q-ball decay for diluting long-lived charged particles
• Axions in String Theory $-$ Slaying the Hydra of Dark Radiation
• Unification of Dark Energy and Dark Matter
• Gravitational wave hints black hole remnants as dark matter
• Dark Matter, Dark Radiation and Gravitational Waves from Mirror Higgs Parity
• Characterizing the post-inflationary reheating history, Part I: single daughter field with quadratic-quadratic interaction
• PBH-infused seesaw origin of matter and unique gravitational waves
• New universal property of cosmological gravitational wave anisotropies
• Clustering of primordial black holes formed in a matter-dominated epoch
• Neutrinos And Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• From formation to evaporation: Induced gravitational wave probes of the primordial black hole reheating scenario
• Visible Sterile Neutrinos as the Earliest Relic Probes of Cosmology
• Direct detection of neutralino dark mattter in non-standard cosmologies
• NANOGrav Hints on Planet-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• Nonthermal dark matter in mirage mediation
• Improved Predictions on Higgs-Starobinsky Inflation and Reheating with ACT DR6 and Primordial Gravitational Waves
• Cannibalism's lingering imprint on the matter power spectrum
• MeV-scale reheating temperature and cosmological production of light sterile neutrinos
• A Stringy Mechanism for A Small Cosmological Constant - Multi-Moduli Cases -
• Induced Gravitational Waves probing Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter with Memory Burden
• Cascades of high-energy SM particles in the primordial thermal plasma
• Detecting Dark Matter Substructures on Small Scales with Fast Radio Bursts
• Gravitational wave production from preheating with trilinear interactions
• Quasidecoupled state for dark matter in nonstandard thermal histories
• Inflation and late-time acceleration from a double-well potential with cosmological constant
• Constraining SUSY with Heavy Scalars -- using the CMB
• Affleck-Dine baryogenesis just after inflation
• When FIMPs Decay into Neutrinos: The $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ Story
• CMB constraints on dark matter phenomenology via reheating in minimal plateau inflation
• Inflation from a Supersymmetric Axion Model
• Cosmological Constraints on Dark Scalar
• Effects of kination and scalar-tensor cosmologies on sterile neutrinos
• What if ALP dark matter for the XENON1T excess is the inflaton
• Constraining the primordial black hole abundance through Big-Bang nucleosynthesis
• Cosmological Dependence of Resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrinos
• Dark Matter Axions in the Early Universe with a Period of Increasing Temperature
• Relaxion Dark Matter
• A Gravitino-rich Universe
• Constraints on electron-scattering interpretation of XENON1T excess
• Reheating constraints on Tachyon Inflation
• Inflationary Predictions and Moduli Masses
• Model independent bounds for the number of $e$-folds during the evolution of the universe
• Non-thermal Gravitino Dark Matter in Gauge Mediation
• A supernova constraint on bulk majorons
• Current constraints on cosmological scenarios with very low reheating temperatures
• Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Post-inflationary Structure Formation
• The Spectrum of Dark Radiation as a Probe of Reheating
• Cosmological Bounds on sub-GeV Dark Vector Bosons from Electromagnetic Energy Injection
• Impact of memory-burdened black holes on primordial gravitational waves in light of Pulsar Timing Array
• The Thermal Abundance of Semi-Relativistic Relics
• LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 Sensitivities to Reheating in Plateau Models of Inflation
• Probing High Reheating Temperature Scenarios at the LHC with Long-Lived Staus
• Reheating with a Composite Higgs
• Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter and Leptogenesis in Left-Right Higgs Parity
• Probing the reheating phase through primordial magnetic field and CMB
• Dark and visible matter with broken R-parity and the axion multiplet
• The cosmological moduli problem and naturalness
• Introduction to neutrino cosmology
• Induced Domain Walls of QCD Axion, and Gravitational Waves
• Cosmological Dependence of Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter With Self-Interacting Neutrinos
• Effect of reheating on predictions following multiple-field inflation
• Low Scale Inflation at High Energy Colliders and Meson Factories
• Reheating constraints on modified single-field Natural Inflation models
• New mechanism for primordial black hole formation from the QCD axion
• Post-inflationary Scalar Tensor Cosmology and Inflationary Parameters
• Strong dynamics at the Planck scale as a solution to the cosmological moduli problem
• Moduli-induced Baryogenesis
• Two Micron-Size Dark Dimensions
• Primordial Black Hole Neutrinogenesis of Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Issues in Palatini ${\mathcal{R}}^2$ inflation: Bounds on the Reheating Temperature
• Axino dark matter with low reheating temperature
• WIMPy Leptogenesis in Non-Standard Cosmologies
• QCD axions and axionlike particles in a two-inflation scenario
• Non-thermally trapped inflation by tachyonic dark photon production
• Reheating constraints on K-inflation
• The gravitino problem in supersymmetric warm inflation
• Precise Capture Rates of Cosmic Neutrinos and Their Implications on Cosmology
• Late-time Entropy Production from Scalar Decay and Relic Neutrino Temperature
• Probing the BSM physics with CMB precision cosmology: an application to supersymmetry
• A new bound on the low reheating temperature with dark matter
• Characterizing the post-inflationary reheating history, Part II: Multiple interacting daughter fields
• Thermodynamic Evolution of Secluded Vector Dark Matter: Conventional WIMPs and Nonconventional WIMPs
• Retrofitted Gravity Mediation without the Gravitino-overproduction Problem
• Anthropic Bound on Dark Radiation and its Implications for Reheating
• Searching for Axino-Like Particle at Fixed Target Experiments
• Classical (and Quantum) Heuristics for Gravitational Wave Detection
• The B-L Phase Transition: Implications for Cosmology and Neutrinos
• Shining ALP Dark Radiation
• Superheavy Dark Matter and Thermal Inflation
• Low reheating temperatures in monomial and binomial inflationary potentials
• How an era of kination impacts substructure and the dark matter annihilation rate
• Scalar induced gravitational waves review
• Detectable Gravitational Waves from preheating probes non-thermal Dark Matter
• The long-lived stau as a thermal relic
• Probing Reheating Phase via Non-Helical Magnetogenesis and Secondary Gravitational Waves
• CMB anisotropies and linear matter power spectrum in models with non-thermal neutrinos and primordial magnetic fields
• Twin Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• About a (standard model) universe dominated by the right matter
• Experimental signatures of non-standard pre-BBN cosmologies
• Brane inflation driven by an arctan potential: CMB constraints and Reheating
• Affleck-Dine baryogenesis with modulated reheating
• Cosmological Problems of the String Axion Alleviated by High Scale SUSY of $m_{3/2}$ $\simeq$ 10-100 TeV
• Cosmological bounds on large extra dimensions from non-thermal production of Kaluza-Klein modes
• Dark Matter Detection, Standard Model Parameters, and Intermediate Scale Supersymmetry
• High-scale SUSY from an R-invariant New Inflation in the Landscape
• Generation of neutrino dark matter, baryon asymmetry, and radiation after quintessential inflation
• 21-cm Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilation after an Early Matter-Dominated Era
• Post-inflationary structure formation boosted by parametric self-resonance
• Affleck-Dine baryogenesis in inflating curvaton scenario with O($10-10^2$TeV) mass moduli curvaton
• BBN and the Primordial Abundances
• Gravitational waves induced by matter isocurvature in general cosmologies
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Primordial Black Hole Reheating in Upcoming Interferometry Missions
• Primordial neutrinos fade to gray: constraints from cosmological observables
• Non-gaussianity and Statistical Anisotropy in Cosmological Inflationary Models
• Cosmological neutrino entropy changes due to flavor statistical mixing
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Hidden Photon and Axion Dark Matter from Symmetry Breaking
• Affleck-Dine baryogenesis after D-term inflation and solutions to the baryon-DM coincidence problem
• A possible solution to the Hubble tension from quantum gravity
• Equation of state during (p)reheating with trilinear interactions
• $\Delta N_{\text{eff}}$ and entropy production from early-decaying gravitinos
• Ephemeral Oscillons in Scalar-Tensor Theories: The Higgs-like case
• Axions in Cold Dark Matter and Inflation Models
• Comments on the Evolution of Strongly Degenerate Neutrinos in the Early Universe
• Note on Thermalization of Non-resonantly Produced Sterile Neutrinos
• Probing the Perturbative Reheating History of Decaying Oscillatory Inflation with ACT Constraints
• Probing Non-Minimal Dark Sectors via the 21 cm Line at Cosmic Dawn
• Early Universe Cosmology, Effective Supergravity, and Invariants of Algebraic Forms
• Frame-Dependence of the Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism for Inflation and Reheating in Non-Minimal Gravity
• Probing baryogenesis with gravitational waves
• Affleck-Dine leptogenesis and its backreaction to inflaton dynamics
• ACT DR6 Insights on the Inflationary Attractor models and Reheating
• Oscillating Affleck-Dine condensate and its cosmological implications
• Relic gravitons at intermediate frequencies and the expansion history of the Universe
• Model-independent constraints on inflation and reheating
• Exponential Quintessence Model: Analytical Quantification of the Fine-Tuning Problem in Dark Energy
• Probing Leptogenesis and Pre-BBN Universe with Gravitational Waves Spectral Shapes
• Fingerprints of freeze-in dark matter in an early matter-dominated era
• Mutated hilltop inflation in light of Planck/ACT observations