Gravitational Wave Signatures of Primordial Black Hole Reheating in Upcoming Interferometry Missions

Abstract

We investigate the prospects of detecting a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background from the primordial black hole (PBH) reheating epoch. If PBHs form during a non-standard cosmological phase prior to the radiation-dominated era, they can dominate the energy density of the Universe before evaporating via Hawking radiation. Such PBHs can generate induced GWs that may fall within the detectable range of future interferometry missions: (i) through isocurvature perturbations arising from the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of PBHs, and (ii) through the amplification of adiabatic perturbations triggered by the abrupt transition from PBH domination to radiation domination. We assess the detection prospects of such GW spectra using the signal-to-noise ratio, Fisher forecast analysis, and Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis with mock data from LISA and ET. Our findings reveal that ET exhibits superior sensitivity to both isocurvature- and adiabatic-induced GWs, covering a wide PBH mass range of $M_{\mathrm{in}}\in (0.5-4\times 10^7)$ g. However, we find that the relative uncertainties associated with the parameter of the isocurvature source are quite high. LISA, by contrast, is mostly sensitive to the adiabatic source, with $M_{\mathrm{in}}\in (2\times 10^4-5\times 10^8)$ g. The combined effect of adiabatic and isocurvature sources on ET and LISA provides a multi-stage window into the post-inflationary Universe by constraining PBH mass, energy fraction, and the background equation of state.

arXiv commentPublished in JCAP, 39 pages, 28 figures and 5 tables

References in corpus (91)

• Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
• GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• GW170608: Observation of a 19-solar-mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• Sensitivity Studies for Third-Generation Gravitational Wave Observatories
• A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data
• BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season
• Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
• Gravitational Wave Spectrum Induced by Primordial Scalar Perturbations
• Density Perturbations and Black Hole Formation in Hybrid Inflation
• MeV-scale Reheating Temperature and Thermalization of Neutrino Background
• Semianalytic Calculation of Gravitational Wave Spectrum Nonlinearly Induced from Primordial Curvature Perturbations
• Sensitivity curves for searches for gravitational-wave backgrounds
• Primordial black holes from single field models of inflation
• Cosmological Constraints on Late-time Entropy Production
• Near-Critical Gravitational Collapse and the Initial Mass Function of Primordial Black Holes
• A Cosmological Signature of the SM Higgs Instability: Gravitational Waves
• MeV-scale reheating temperature and thermalization of oscillating neutrinos by radiative and hadronic decays of massive particles
• Primordial black hole formation in the early universe: critical behaviour and self-similarity
• Scalaron from $R^2$-gravity as a Heavy Field
• GetDist: a Python package for analysing Monte Carlo samples
• Primordial black hole formation in the radiative era: investigation of the critical nature of the collapse
• Supernatural Inflation: Inflation from Supersymmetry with No (Very) Small Parameters
• Gravitational waves from a universe filled with primordial black holes
• The Formation of Primary Galactic Nuclei during Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
• The recent gravitational wave observation by pulsar timing arrays and primordial black holes: the importance of non-gaussianities
• Chaotic new inflation and formation of primordial black holes
• BlackHawk v2.0: A public code for calculating the Hawking evaporation spectra of any black hole distribution
• Baryon Asymmetry, Dark Matter, and Density Perturbation from PBH
• Dark, Cold, and Noisy: Constraining Secluded Hidden Sectors with Gravitational Waves
• Dark Radiation and Superheavy Dark Matter from Black Hole Domination
• Gravitational Wave Production right after a Primordial Black Hole Evaporation
• Reheating and Post-inflationary Production of Dark Matter
• Induced gravitational waves in a general cosmological background
• PBHs and secondary GWs from ultra slow roll and punctuated inflation
• Inflaton Oscillations and Post-Inflationary Reheating
• Primordial black holes from the preheating instability
• Gravitational Waves Induced by Scalar Perturbations during a Gradual Transition from an Early Matter Era to the Radiation Era
• Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Dark Matter Production: I. Solely Hawking radiation
• Single-field inflation, anomalous enhancement of superhorizon fluctuations, and non-Gaussianity in primordial black hole formation
• Gravitational waves induced from primordial black hole fluctuations: The effect of an extended mass function
• Non-Cold Dark Matter from Primordial Black Hole Evaporation
• The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna: Unveiling the Millihertz Gravitational Wave Sky
• Exploring Evaporating Primordial Black Holes with Gravitational Waves
• Ultraviolet Freeze-in and Non-Standard Cosmologies
• Analytical thresholds for black hole formation in general cosmological backgrounds
• Gravitational portals in the early Universe
• Gravitational wave probes of dark matter: challenges and opportunities
• PBH formation from spherically symmetric hydrodynamical perturbations: a review
• GUT Baryogenesis With Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Dark Matter Production: II. Interplay with the Freeze-In/Out Mechanism
• Dark Matter in the Time of Primordial Black Holes
• Simulation of primordial black hole formation using pseudo-spectral methods
• The Detected Stochastic Gravitational Waves and Subsolar-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• CMB constraints on the inflaton couplings and reheating temperature in $\alpha$-attractor inflation
• Gravitational Portals with Non-Minimal Couplings
• Scalar induced gravitational waves from primordial black hole Poisson fluctuations in $f(R)$ gravity
• Gravitational reheating
• No constraints for $f(T)$ gravity from gravitational waves induced from primordial black hole fluctuations
• Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in the Early Universe: Mass and Spin Distributions
• Cosmic String Loop Collapse in Full General Relativity
• Distinct signatures of spinning PBH domination and evaporation: doubly peaked gravitational waves, dark relics and CMB complementarity
• Gravitational Waves from Density Perturbations in an Early Matter Domination Era
• Higgs boson induced reheating and ultraviolet frozen-in dark matter
• Hot Gravitons and Gravitational Waves From Kerr Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Forecasting F(Q) cosmology with $\Lambda$CDM background using standard sirens
• Unification models with reheating via primordial black holes
• Detectable Gravitational Wave Signals from Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis
• Effects of the shape of curvature peaks on the size of primordial black holes
• Ultra-low mass PBHs in the early universe can explain the PTA signal
• The Interplay between the Dark Matter Axion and Primordial Black Holes
• Memory burden effect mimics reheating signatures on SGWB from ultra-low mass PBH domination
• Limits on light primordial black holes from high-scale leptogenesis
• Two phase reheating: CMB constraints on inflaton and dark matter phenomenology
• Primordial black holes from cosmic necklaces
• Cosmic Structure Formation with Kinetic Field Theory
• From formation to evaporation: Induced gravitational wave probes of the primordial black hole reheating scenario
• Primordial black holes from cusp collapse on cosmic strings
• Structure Formation after Reheating: Supermassive Primordial Black Holes and Fermi Ball Dark Matter
• String Necklaces and Primordial Black Holes from Type IIB Strings
• Primordial black hole versus inflaton
• Direct-collapse supermassive black holes from relic particle decay
• Primordial Gravitational Waves as Probe of Dark Matter in Interferometer Missions: Fisher Forecast and MCMC
• Constraining the history of reheating with the NANOGrav 15-year data
• On the response of the Einstein Telescope to Doppler anisotropies
• Black Holes from Fermi Ball Collapse
• Kinetic Field Theory for Cosmic Structure Formation

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Gravitational waves induced by matter isocurvature in general cosmologies