Detectable Gravitational Wave Signals from Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis

Abstract

In Affleck-Dine baryogenesis, the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated through the evolution of the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a scalar condensate. This scalar condensate generically fragments into non-topological solitons (Q-balls). If they are sufficiently long-lived, they lead to an early matter domination epoch, which enhances the primordial gravitational wave signal for modes that enter the horizon during this epoch. The sudden decay of the Q-balls into fermions results in a rapid transition from matter to radiation domination, producing a sharp peak in the gravitational wave power spectrum. Avoiding the problem of gravitino over-abundance favours scenarios where the peak frequency of the resonance is within the range of the Einstein Telescope and/or Decigo. Therefore, we show this scenario provides an observable signal, providing a mechanism to test Affleck-Dine baryogenesis.

7 pages, 1 figure, author order determined by coin-flip

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