Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons

Abstract

Solitons in relativistic field theories are not necessarily topologically charged. In particular, non-topological solitons -- known as Q-balls -- arise naturally in nonlinear field theories endowed with attractive interactions and internal symmetries. Even without stabilizing internal symmetries, quasi-solitons known as oscillons, which are long-lived, can also exist. Both Q-balls and oscillons have significant applications in cosmology and particle physics. This review is an updated account of the intriguing properties and dynamics of these non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons, as well as their important roles in early-universe scenarios and particle physics models.

53 pages, invited review for Reports on Progress in Physics; comments welcome

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• CFT-approach to Rotating Field Lumps in Attractive Potential
• Structure Formation with Warm White Noise: Effects of Finite Number Density and Velocity Dispersion in Particle and Wave Dark Matter
• Ephemeral Oscillons in Scalar-Tensor Theories: The Higgs-like case
• Q-balls across dimensions
• Understanding the Quantized Angular Momentum of Rotating Q-balls