Q-balls across dimensions

Abstract

Scalars carrying a conserved global charge $Q$ can form stable localized field configurations composed of a large number of particles. These non-topological solitons are spherically symmetric and are called Q-balls. While usually analyzed in three spatial dimensions, these solitons can be straightforwardly generalized to $d$ spatial dimensions. For $d=1$, we can analytically solve the non-linear differential equation for an important class of single-field potentials; for $d>1$, we can analytically approximate the solutions in the thin-wall or large Q-ball regime, including the first sub-leading correction consistently. Since the underlying differential equations have the same form as vacuum-decay bounce solutions, our results find applications there, too.

10 pages, matches PRD version

References in corpus (10)

• Some stationary properties of a $Q$-ball in arbitrary space dimensions
• Radial excitations of Q-balls, and their D-term
• Approximating tunneling rates in multi-dimensional field spaces
• Understanding Q-Balls Beyond the Thin-Wall Limit
• Energy Landscape of d-Dimensional Q-balls
• Excited Q-Balls
• Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
• Analytic thin wall false vacuum decay rate
• Q-balls in polynomial potentials
• The Tunneling Potential Approach to Q-Balls