Q-ball Instability due to U(1) Breaking

Abstract

Q-ball is a non-topological soliton whose stability is ensured by global U(1) symmetry. We study a Q-ball which arises in the Affleck-Dine mechanism for baryogenesis and consider its possible instability due to U(1) breaking term ($A$-term) indispensable for successful baryogenesis. It is found that the instability destroys the Q-ball if its growth rate exceeds inverse of the typical relaxation time scale of the Q-ball. However, the instability is not so strong as it obstructs the cosmological formation of the Q-balls.

6 pages, 8 figures, reference and a few explanatory comments were added

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• Adiabatic Invariance of Oscillons/I-balls
• Baryogenesis from the Gauge-mediation type Q ball and the New type of Q ball as dark matter
• Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate in theories with supersymmetry and inflation
• Astrophysical constraints on dark-matter $Q$-balls in the presence of baryon-violating operators
• Gravitational Waves from Q-ball Formation
• The ground states of baryoleptonic Q-balls in supersymmetric models
• Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
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• Q-ball decay through A-term in the gauge-mediated SUSY breaking scenario
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• Homogeneous Balls in a Spontaneously Broken U(1) Gauge Theory
• The Physics of Q-balls
• Astrophage of neutron stars from supersymmetric dark matter Q-balls
• Q-balls Under Spontaneously Broken U(1) Symmetry
• Extreme gravitational waves from inflaton fragmentation
• RN-AdS Nontopoligical Solitons in Broken Einstein-Maxwell-Higgs Theory