A Variety of Nontopological Solitons in a Spontaneously Broken U(1) Gauge Theory -- Dust Balls, Shell Balls, and Potential Balls

Abstract

We show, by numerical calculations, that there exist three-types of stationary and spherically symmetric nontopological soliton solutions (NTS-balls) with large sizes in the coupled system consisting of a complex matter scalar field, a U(1) gauge field, and a complex Higgs scalar field that causes spontaneously symmetry breaking. Under the assumption of symmetries, the coupled system reduces to a dynamical system with three degrees of freedoms governed by an effective action. The effective potential in the action has stationary points. The NTS-balls with large sizes are described by bounce solutions that start off an initial stationary point, and traverse to the final stationary point, vacuum stationary point. According to the choice of the initial stationary point, there appear three types of NTS-balls: dust balls, shell balls, and potential balls with respect to their internal structures.

arXiv comment25 pages, 20 figures

References in corpus (30)

• Supersymmetric Q-balls as dark matter
• Q-Balls and Baryogenesis in the MSSM
• Solitons in the supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model
• Q-ball Formation through Affleck-Dine Mechanism
• Small Q balls
• Q-ball formation in the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking scenario
• Q-ball candidates for self-interacting dark matter
• New physics in a nutshell, or Q-ball as a power plant
• Higgsino and Wino Dark Matter from Q-ball Decay in Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis
• Numerical study of Q-ball formation in gravity mediation
• New type of stable Q balls in the gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking
• Analytical and numerical properties of Q-balls
• Stable Phases of Boson Stars
• Large lepton asymmetry from Q-balls
• Compact Q-balls and Q-shells in a scalar electrodynamics
• Review of non-topological solitons in theories with $U(1)$-symmetry
• Q-balls: Some Analytical Results
• Some properties of U(1) gauged Q-balls
• Supersymmetric dark-matter Q-balls and their interactions in matter
• Simulations of Q-Ball Formation
• Solitosynthesis of Q-balls
• Compact Boson Stars
• Stability of Q-balls and Catastrophe
• Constraints on self-interacting Q-ball dark matter
• Q-ball Instability due to U(1) Breaking
• Charge Screened Nontopological Solitons in a Spontaneously Broken U(1) Gauge Theory
• On non-topological solitons in Abelian gauge theories coupled to U(1)$\times$U(1) symmetric scalar fields
• Homogeneous Balls in a Spontaneously Broken U(1) Gauge Theory
• Charge screening in the Abelian Higgs model
• Perfect Charge Screening of Extended Sources in an Abelian-Higgs Model

Cited by in corpus (9)

• The Ubiquity of Gauged Q-Shells
• Charged hairy black holes in the gauged Einstein-Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model
• Solitonic Gravastars in a U(1) gauge Higgs model
• Compact Q-balls and Q-shells in a multi-component $\mathbb{C}{P}^N$ model
• Q-balls and charged Q-balls in a two-scalar field theory with generalized Henon-Heiles potential
• Bose-Einstein condensation in finite drops of alpha particles
• Understanding the Quantized Angular Momentum of Rotating Q-balls
• Relativistic Nontopological Soliton Stars in a U(1) Gauge Higgs Model
• Proca Q-balls and Q-shells