Relativistic Nontopological Soliton Stars in a U(1) Gauge Higgs Model

Abstract

We study spherically symmetric nontopological soliton stars (NTS stars) numerically in the coupled system of a complex scalar field, a U(1) gauge field, a complex Higgs scalar field, and Einstein gravity, where the symmetry is broken spontaneously. The gravitational mass of NTS stars is limited by a maximum mass for a fixed breaking scale, and the maximum mass increases steeply as the breaking scale decreases. In the case of the breaking scale is much less than the Planck scale, the maximum mass of NTS stars becomes the astrophysical scale, and such a star is relativistically compact so that it has the innermost stable circular orbit. The first author contributed with a part of numerical calculations. The second did with planning and conducting the research, and the third did with all numerical calculations and finding new properties of the system.

22 pages, 32 figures, final version accepted in PRD

References in corpus (5)

• $U(1)$ gauged boson stars in the Einstein-Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model
• On non-topological solitons in Abelian gauge theories coupled to U(1)$\times$U(1) symmetric scalar fields
• A Variety of Nontopological Solitons in a Spontaneously Broken U(1) Gauge Theory -- Dust Balls, Shell Balls, and Potential Balls
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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Fermion soliton stars
• Generating Non-topological Solitons Via Thermal Corrections: Higgs Balls