Fermion soliton stars

Abstract

A real scalar field coupled to a fermion via a Yukawa term can evade no-go theorems preventing solitonic solutions. For the first time, we study this model within General Relativity without approximations, finding static and spherically symmetric solutions that describe fermion soliton stars. The Yukawa coupling provides an effective mass for the fermion, which is key to the existence of self-gravitating relativistic solutions. We systematically study this novel family of solutions and present their mass-radius diagram and maximum compactness, which is close to (but smaller than) that of the corresponding Schwarzschild photon sphere. Finally, we discuss the ranges of the parameters of the fundamental theory in which the latter might have interesting astrophysical implications, including compact (sub)solar and supermassive fermion soliton stars for a standard gas of degenerate neutrons and electrons, respectively.

16 pages, 5 figures. v2: matches version accepted in PRD. v3: final plots, matches PRD version

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• Dark Stars and Gravitational Waves: Topical Review
• Dark Exoplanets
• Cosmology and nuclear-physics implications of a subsolar gravitational-wave event
• Black Holes from Fermi Ball Collapse
• Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• On-shell approach to scalar hair in spinning binaries
• Self-gravitating quantum stars with a globally relevant Bohm potential
• Dark wounds on icy moons: Ganymede's subsurface ocean as a dark matter detector
• Analytical solutions for Maxwell-scalar system on radially symmetric spacetimes
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• Torsional four-fermion interaction and the Raychaudhuri equation
• Self-gravitating nonlinear Dirac fields
• General-relativistic structure of two-component quantum dark fermion stars