Dynamical Boson Stars

Abstract

The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called {\em geons}, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name {\em boson stars}. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.

106 pages, 35 figures, invited review for Living Reviews in Relativity; major revision in 2022. Comments welcome

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• Dynamical formation and stability of fermion-boson stars
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• Evolution and dynamical properties of Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter stars
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• Multi-field, multi-frequency bosonic stars and a stabilization mechanism
• A soliton menagerie in AdS
• Mass bounds for compact spherically symmetric objects in generalized gravity theories
• Tidal deformability of boson stars and dark matter clumps
• Collisional interactions between self-interacting non-relativistic boson stars: effective potential analysis and numerical simulations
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• Has Hawking radiation been measured?
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• Polarized Vector Oscillons
• Self-interactions can stabilize excited boson stars
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• Synchronised gravitational atoms from mergers of bosonic stars
• Compact Boson Stars
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• Geodesic motion in the space-time of a non-compact boson star
• Boson Stars with Nontrivial Topology
• A new type of dark compact objects in massive tensor-multi-scalar theories of gravity
• Parasitic black holes: the swallowing of a fuzzy dark matter soliton
• Iron K$\alpha$ line of boson stars
• Interference pattern in the collision of structures in the BEC dark matter model: comparison with fluids
• Charged Q-balls and boson stars and dynamics of charged test particles
• Gauss-Bonnet boson stars
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• Condensate dark matter stars
• Dynamical evolutions of $\ell$-boson stars in spherical symmetry
• Supersymmetric Q-balls and boson stars in (d+1) dimensions
• On (Not)-Constraining Heavy Asymmetric Bosonic Dark Matter
• Fermion-boson stars with a quartic self-interaction in the boson sector
• Dynamical $\ell$-boson stars: generic stability and evidence for non-spherical solutions
• Stability of gravitating charged-scalar solitons in a cavity
• Boson star at finite temperature
• Critical Behavior in the Gravitational Collapse of a Scalar Field with Angular Momentum in Spherical Symmetry
• Boson Shells Harbouring Charged Black Holes
• Unified picture of Q-balls and boson stars via catastrophe theory
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• How does gravity save or kill Q-balls?
• Gravitational Waves From SU(N) Glueball Dark Matter
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• Spinning scalar solitons in anti-de Sitter spacetime
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• Rotating tensor-multi-scalar solitons
• Boson Stars in a Theory of Complex Scalar Field coupled to Gravity
• Boson and Dirac stars in $D\ge 4$ dimensions
• Extremal Surfaces in Asymptotically AdS Charged Boson Stars Backgrounds
• Multi-oscillating Boson Stars
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• Universal relations for rotating Boson Stars
• Symmetry breaking in (gravitating) scalar field models describing interacting boson stars and Q-balls
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• Estimating gravitational radiation from super-emitting compact binary systems
• Self-interacting boson stars with a single Killing vector field in Anti-de Sitter
• Spinning boson stars and hairy black holes with non-minimal coupling
• BEC dark matter can explain collisions of galaxy clusters
• No-go theorem for static boson stars
• Self-interacting multistate boson stars
• Critical gravitational collapse of a massive complex scalar field
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• Mixed configurations of tensor-multi-scalar solitons and neutron stars
• Note on the charged boson stars with torsion-coupled field
• Dynamical evolution of fermion-boson stars with realistic equations of state
• Astrophysical Bose-Einstein Condensates and Superradiance
• Numerical Relativity and High Energy Physics: Recent Developments
• New Solutions for Rotating Boson Stars
• Numerical Boson Stars with a Single Killing Vector II: the D=3 Case
• Horndeski fermion-boson stars
• Motion of test particle in rotating boson star
• Boson stars from a gauge condensate
• Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars
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Cited by in corpus (240)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Tests of general relativity with GW150914
• Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations
• Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914
• Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
• Kerr black holes with scalar hair
• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• Theoretical Physics Implications of the Binary Black-Hole Mergers GW150914 and GW151226
• Shadows and strong gravitational lensing: a brief review
• The observational evidence for horizons: from echoes to precision gravitational-wave physics
• Prospects for Fundamental Physics with LISA
• Extreme Gravity Tests with Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescences: (II) Ringdown
• New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
• Simulations of solitonic core mergers in ultra-light axion dark matter cosmologies
• Testing strong-field gravity with tidal Love numbers
• Proca Stars: gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates of massive spin 1 particles
• Kerr black holes with Proca hair
• Constraining the mass of dark photons and axion-like particles through black-hole superradiance
• Black holes in galaxies: environmental impact on gravitational-wave generation and propagation
• Gravitational waves from neutron star mergers and their relation to the nuclear equation of state
• Black Hole Based Tests of General Relativity
• Distinguishing Boson Stars from Black Holes and Neutron Stars from Tidal Interactions in Inspiraling Binary Systems
• Numerical Methods for Finding Stationary Gravitational Solutions
• Imaging a boson star at the Galactic center
• Bosonic Dark Matter in Neutron Stars and its Effect on Gravitational Wave Signal
• How to tell an accreting boson star from a black hole
• Gravitational probes of dark matter physics
• Astrophysical signatures of boson stars: quasinormal modes and inspiral resonances
• Anisotropic stars as ultracompact objects in General Relativity
• Boson Stars in AdS
• Black-hole Spectroscopy by Making Full Use of Gravitational-Wave Modeling
• Hunting for Dark Particles with Gravitational Waves
• Non-linear dynamics of spinning bosonic stars: formation and stability
• On the Nonlinear Stability of Asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Solutions
• Kerr black holes with self-interacting scalar hair: hairier but not heavier
• Did GW150914 produce a rotating gravastar?
• Boson Stars and Oscillatons: A Review
• Spontaneous scalarization
• Shadows of boson and Proca stars with thin accretion disks
• On the final fate of compact boson star mergers
• Ergoregion instability of exotic compact objects: electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations and the role of absorption
• Astrophysical imaging of Kerr black holes with scalar hair
• Interaction between bosonic dark matter and stars
• Exotic Compact Objects and the Fate of the Light-Ring Instability
• Gravitational wave probes of dark matter: challenges and opportunities
• Mapping Ricci-based theories of gravity into general relativity
• Quark stars admixed with dark matter
• Dark stars: gravitational and electromagnetic observables
• Prospects for axion searches with Advanced LIGO through binary mergers
• Accretion of dark matter by stars
• Formation, Gravitational Clustering and Interactions of Non-relativistic Solitons in an Expanding Universe
• Numerical evolutions of spherical Proca stars
• Head-on collisions and orbital mergers of Proca stars
• Gravitational echoes from macroscopic quantum gravity effects
• $\ell$-Boson stars
• Halometry from Astrometry
• Rotating Drops of Axion Dark Matter
• Boson stars in biscalar extensions of Horndeski gravity
• New class of compact stars: Pion stars
• Dynamical evolution of fermion-boson stars
• Axion boson stars
• Review of non-topological solitons in theories with $U(1)$-symmetry
• Gravitational waves and kicks from the merger of unequal mass, highly compact boson stars
• Search for subsolar-mass binaries in the first half of Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run
• On gravitational echoes from ultracompact exotic stars
• From a locality-principle for new physics to image features of regular spinning black holes with disks
• Pseudospectrum of horizonless compact objects: a bootstrap instability mechanism
• A morphology-independent data analysis method for detecting and characterizing gravitational wave echoes
• On charged boson stars
• Gravitational Waves from Dark Boson Star binary mergers
• On gravitational-wave echoes from neutron-star binary coalescences
• On the dynamical bar-mode instability in spinning bosonic stars
• Observational signatures of hot spots orbiting horizonless objects
• Can we distinguish low mass black holes in neutron star binaries?
• Dynamical formation of Proca stars and quasi-stationary solitonic objects
• Searching for axion stars and Q-balls with a terrestrial magnetometer network
• How to assess the primordial origin of single gravitational-wave events with mass, spin, eccentricity, and deformability measurements
• The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields
• Stirred and shaken: dynamical behavior of boson stars and dark matter cores
• Kerr black holes with synchronised Proca hair: lensing, shadows and EHT constraints
• Gravitational wave signatures of dark matter cores in binary neutron star mergers by using numerical simulations
• Probing the Nature of Black Holes: Deep in the mHz Gravitational-Wave Sky
• Cosmological signatures of ultralight dark matter with an axionlike potential
• How fast can a black hole rotate?
• Ordered arrays of Baryonic tubes in the Skyrme model in (3+1) dimensions at finite density
• Multipolar boson stars: macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensates akin to hydrogen orbitals
• Spinning boson stars and Kerr black holes with scalar hair: the effect of self-interactions
• Multi-field, multi-frequency bosonic stars and a stabilization mechanism
• Mass bounds for compact spherically symmetric objects in generalized gravity theories
• Tidal deformability of boson stars and dark matter clumps
• Lensing of fast radio bursts: future constraints on primordial black hole density with an extended mass function and a new probe of exotic compact fermion and boson stars
• Polarized Vector Oscillons
• Self-interactions can stabilize excited boson stars
• QCD at finite isospin chemical potential
• Rotating wormhole solutions with a complex phantom scalar field
• Moduli Stars
• Synchronised gravitational atoms from mergers of bosonic stars
• Ultralight bosons for strong gravity applications from simple Standard Model extensions
• Can we probe Planckian corrections at the horizon scale with gravitational waves?
• Spin-induced deformations and tests of binary black hole nature using third-generation detectors
• Recognizing black holes in gravitational-wave observations: Challenges in telling apart impostors in mass-gap binaries
• Malaise and remedy of binary boson-star initial data
• Gravitational Collapse in the Post-Inflationary Universe
• Parasitic black holes: the swallowing of a fuzzy dark matter soliton
• Axion Star Nucleation in Dark Minihalos around Primordial Black Holes
• Gravitational atoms: general framework for the construction of multistate axially symmetric solutions of the Schrödinger-Poisson system
• Fermion soliton stars
• Cold QCD at finite isospin density: confronting effective models with recent lattice data
• Prospects for determining the nature of the secondaries of extreme mass-ratio inspirals using the spin-induced quadrupole deformation
• Compact objects as the catalysts for vacuum decays
• Dynamical evolutions of $\ell$-boson stars in spherical symmetry
• On Profiles of Boson Stars with Self-Interactions
• Fermion-boson stars with a quartic self-interaction in the boson sector
• Stability of gravitating charged-scalar solitons in a cavity
• Static Orbits in Rotating Spacetimes
• Gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers surrounded by scalar field clouds: Numerical simulations and observational implications
• A no-go on strictly stationary spacetimes in four/higher dimensions
• Tidal heating of Quantum Black Holes and their imprints on gravitational waves
• Probing Dynamics of Boson Stars by Fast Radio Bursts and Gravitational Wave Detection
• Exact black strings and p-branes in general relativity
• Light rings and light points of boson stars
• Exploring strong-field deviations from general relativity via gravitational waves
• Circular geodesics and thick tori around rotating boson stars
• Constraining Black Holes with Light Boson Hair and Boson Stars using Epicyclic Frequencies and QPOs
• Quasinormal modes of relativistic stars and interacting fields
• Dynamical Love for area quantized black holes
• Radio signatures from encounters between Neutron Stars and QCD-Axion Minihalos around Primordial Black Holes
• Head-on collisions of $\ell$-boson stars
• Unequal-mass boson-star binaries: Initial data and merger dynamics
• A stabilization mechanism for excited fermion-boson stars
• Self-gravitating black hole scalar wigs
• Towards establishing the presence or absence of horizons in coalescing binaries of compact objects by using their gravitational wave signals
• Boson stars and their relatives in semiclassical gravity
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• Rotating Boson Stars in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Microlensing constraints on axion stars including finite lens and source size effects
• Probing Boson Stars with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• The Gravitational Afterglow of Boson Stars
• Symmetric and Asymmetric Wormholes Immersed In Rotating Matter
• Scalar geons in Born-Infeld gravity
• Imprint of black hole area quantization and Hawking radiation on inspiraling binary
• Hot QCD at finite isospin density: confronting SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with recent lattice data
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• Searching for General Binary Inspirals with Gravitational Waves
• Two-Scalar Bose-Einstein Condensates: From Stars to Galaxies
• Yang-Mills stars in Higgsed non-Abelian dark matter
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• Wormholes Immersed in Rotating Matter
• Ringdown of Charged Compact Objects using Membrane Paradigm
• Self-interacting Dark Scalar Spikes around Black Holes via Relativistic Bondi Accretion
• Quasistationary solutions of scalar fields around collapsing self-interacting boson stars
• Echoes from backreacting exotic compact objects
• Vibrational modes of Q-balls
• Rainbow scattering in the gravitational field of a compact object
• On magnetized anisotropic stars
• Boson stars in $f(T)$ extended theory of gravity
• Traversable $\ell$-wormholes supported by ghost scalar fields
• Rotating multistate boson stars
• Multi-oscillating Boson Stars
• Testing the nature of dark compact objects with gravitational waves
• Boson and Dirac stars in $D\ge 4$ dimensions
• Boson Stars in a Theory of Complex Scalar Field coupled to Gravity
• Extremal Surfaces in Asymptotically AdS Charged Boson Stars Backgrounds
• Stability of self-gravitating Bose-Einstein-Condensates
• No-go theorem for static scalar field dark matter halos with no Noether charges
• Universal relations for rotating Boson Stars
• Bose-Einstein Condensates with Derivative and Long-Range Interactions as Set-Ups for Analog Black Holes
• No static regular black holes in Einstein-complex-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Numerical Boson Stars with a Single Killing Vector I: the $D\ge 5$ Case
• Shadows around the q-metric
• A novel black hole mimicker: a boson star and a global monopole nonminimally coupled to gravity
• On the linear stability of $\ell$-boson stars with respect to radial perturbations
• Stable vortex structures in colliding self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates
• Self-Interacting Gravitational Atoms in the Strong-Gravity Regime
• Mixing of gravitational wave echoes
• Spinning gauged boson stars in anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Gravitating superconducting solitons in the (3+1)-dimensional Einstein gauged non-linear sigma-model
• Formation of photon spheres in boson stars with a nonminimally coupled field
• Hairy black holes: stability under odd-parity perturbations and existence of slowly rotating solutions
• Charting the AdS Islands of Stability with Multi-oscillators?
• Anisotropic compact star with a linear pressure-density relationship
• Solitonic Boson Stars: Numerical solutions beyond the thin-wall approximation
• Dark matter searches using accelerometer-based networks
• On echo intervals in gravitational wave echo analysis
• Spinning boson stars and hairy black holes with non-minimal coupling
• Estimating gravitational radiation from super-emitting compact binary systems
• Two boson stars in equilibrium
• Self-interacting multistate boson stars
• Critical gravitational collapse of a massive complex scalar field
• Note on the charged boson stars with torsion-coupled field
• Effect of a High-Precision Semi-Analytical Mass Function on the Merger Rate of Primordial Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• New Results on Charged Compact Boson Stars
• Dynamical evolution of fermion-boson stars with realistic equations of state
• On black holes with scalar hairs
• Energy Balance of a Bose Gas in Curved Spacetime
• Numerical Relativity and High Energy Physics: Recent Developments
• Modeling and detecting resonant tides of exotic compact objects
• Numerical Boson Stars with a Single Killing Vector II: the D=3 Case
• New bound of the mass-to-radius ratio for electrically charged stars
• SCoRe: A New Framework to Study Unmodeled Physics from Gravitational Wave Data
• Horndeski Proca stars with vector hair
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• Compact objects and the swampland
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• Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars
• Thermodynamic properties of interacting bosons with zero chemical potential
• Particle-like solutions in the generalized SU(2) Proca theory
• Highly compact Proca stars with quartic self-interactions
• Modifications to the signal from a gravitational wave event due to a surrounding shell of matter
• Phase diagram of the charged black hole bomb system
• Squeezing in a nonlocal photon fluid
• On the classicality of bosonic stars
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• Scalar Hair Around Charged Black Holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Non-singular spacetimes with a negative cosmological constant: V. Boson stars
• Ultracompact vector stars
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• Spinning gravimagnetic particles in Schwarzschild-like black holes
• Probing dynamical spacetimes with gravitational waves
• Phase analyses for compact, charged boson stars and shells harboring black holes in the $\mathbb{C}{P}^N$ nonlinear sigma model
• Rapidly rotating Dirac stars
• Non-relativistic Boson Stars as N-Body Quantum Systems
• Nonminimally coupled topological-defect boson stars: Static solutions
• Gravitating bubbles of gluon plasma above deconfinement temperature
• Static and collapsing configurations supported by the spinor fluid
• Scalar field dark matter with two components: combined approach from particle physics and cosmology
• Strongly Interacting Dark Matter admixed Neutron Stars
• On the Stability of (M theory) Stars against Collapse : Role of Anisotropic Pressures
• Timing of echoes in electromagnetic radiation from hot spots orbiting a Kerr black hole impostor
• Compact elastic objects in general relativity
• Soliton boson stars, Q-balls and the causal Buchdahl bound
• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole