The effects of self-interacting bosonic dark matter on neutron star properties

Abstract

We propose a model of asymmetric bosonic dark matter (DM) with self-repulsion mediated by the vector field coupled to the complex scalar particles. By adopting the two-fluid formalism, we study different DM distribution regimes, either, fully condensed inside the core of a star or, otherwise, distributed in a dilute halo around a neutron star (NS). We show that DM condensed in a core leads to a decrease of the total gravitational mass, radius and tidal deformability compared to a pure baryonic star with the same central density, which we will perceive as an effective softening of the equation of state (EoS). On the other hand, the presence of a DM halo increases the tidal deformability and total gravitational mass. As a result, an accumulated DM inside compact stars could mimic an apparent stiffening of strongly interacting matter equation of state and constraints we impose on it at high densities. From the performed analysis of the effect of DM particles in a MeV-GeV mass-scale, interaction strength, and relative DM fractions inside NSs we obtained a rigorous constraint on model parameters. Finally, we discuss several smoking guns of the presence of DM that are free from the above mentioned apparent modification of the strongly interacting matter equation of state. With this we could be probed with the future astrophysical and gravitational wave (GW) surveys.

14 pages, 5 figures

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