paper

Gravitational Condensate Stars: An Alternative to Black Holes

arXiv:gr-qc/0109035 · doi:10.3390/universe9020088

Abstract

A new solution for the endpoint of gravitational collapse is proposed. By extending the concept of Bose-Einstein condensation to gravitational systems, a cold, compact object with an interior de Sitter condensate phase and an exterior Schwarzschild geometry of arbitrary total mass M is constructed. These are separated by a phase boundary with a small but finite thickness of fluid with eq. of state p= +rho, replacing both the Schwarzschild and de Sitter classical horizons. The new solution has no singularities, no event horizons, and a global time. Its entropy is maximized under small fluctuations and is given by the standard hydrodynamic entropy of the thin shell, instead of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Unlike black holes, a collapsed star of this kind is thermodynamically stable and has no information paradox.

Published, minimally corrected version of gr-qc/0109035, in which the original proposal that the final state of complete gravitational collapse is a non-singular gravitational vacuum condensate star (`gravastar') was made. Includes an extended Appendix, updating the status and developments of the proposal since 2001, under seven subheadings, with additional explanation and references.\

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