Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?

Abstract

We argue that the following three statements cannot all be true: (i) Hawking radiation is in a pure state, (ii) the information carried by the radiation is emitted from the region near the horizon, with low energy effective field theory valid beyond some microscopic distance from the horizon, and (iii) the infalling observer encounters nothing unusual at the horizon. Perhaps the most conservative resolution is that the infalling observer burns up at the horizon. Alternatives would seem to require novel dynamics that nevertheless cause notable violations of semiclassical physics at macroscopic distances from the horizon.

22 pages, 1 figure. v2: We have not changed our minds. Various arguments are expanded and sharpened. v3: Relation to previous work clarified. v4: Additional reference to earlier work

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• Quantum-corrected geometry of horizon vicinity
• Kerr-Vaidya black holes
• Soft-Hair-Enhanced Entanglement Beyond Page Curves in a Black-hole Evaporation Qubit Model
• Andreev reflections and the quantum physics of black holes
• Black Hole Firewalls Require Huge Energy of Measurement
• IR Dynamics from UV Divergences: UV/IR Mixing, NCFT, and the Hierarchy Problem
• Origin of Hawking Radiation: Firewall or Atmosphere?
• How can we erase states inside a black hole?
• Soft black hole information paradox: Page curve from Maxwell soft hair of a black hole
• On echo intervals in gravitational wave echo analysis
• Size and momentum of an infalling particle in the black hole interior
• Modelling the Evaporation of Non-singular Black Holes
• Quantum corrections to tidal Love number for Schwarzschild black holes
• Splitting Spacetime and Cloning Qubits: Linking No-Go Theorems across the ER=EPR Duality
• Revisiting noninteracting string partition functions in Rindler space
• The Breakdown of String Perturbation Theory for Many External Particles
• Theoretical study of stimulated and spontaneous Hawking effects from an acoustic black hole in a hydrodynamically flowing fluid of light
• Conformal Complementarity Maps
• Two interpretations of thin-shell instantons
• Black Holes, Entropies, and Semiclassical Spacetime in Quantum Gravity
• Multi-centered higher spin solutions from $W_N$ conformal blocks
• Quantum Information in Relativity: the Challenge of QFT Measurements
• Dual Field Theories of Quantum Computation
• Black Holes, Information Loss and the Measurement Problem
• Information Transfer and Black Hole Evaporation via Traversable BTZ Wormholes
• Test of quantum atmosphere in the dimensionally reduced Schwarzschild black hole
• A simple quantum test for smooth horizons
• The information recovery problem
• On Black Hole Echoes
• Gravitational-wave parameter inference with the Newman-Penrose scalar ${\psi }_4$
• Smooth and sharp creation of a Dirichlet wall in 1+1 quantum field theory: how singular is the sharp creation limit?
• The Bulk-to-Boundary Propagator in Black Hole Microstate Backgrounds
• Photon sphere and phase transition of $d$-dimensional ($d\ge 5$) charged Gauss-Bonnet AdS black holes
• Hawking Radiation Under Generalized Uncertainty Principle
• Structure of Correlated Worldline Theories of Quantum Gravity
• Evolution of segmented strings
• The Fall of Black Hole Firewall: Natural Nonmaximal Entanglement for Page Curve
• A Little Excitement Across the Horizon
• Monogamy of quantum entanglement
• Quantum Circuit Model for a Uniformly Accelerated Mirror
• Page curves for tripartite systems
• Heavy Fields and Gravity
• Near-horizon microstructure and superradiant instability of black holes
• Emergent Gravity from Vanishing Energy-Momentum Tensor
• Non-perturbative Overlaps in JT Gravity: From Spectral Form Factor to Generating Functions of Complexity
• Holography as a highly efficient RG flow II: An explicit construction
• Probing resonant excitations in exotic compact objects via gravitational waves
• The Geometry of Black Hole singularities
• Interior Volume of Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli Black Hole
• Spontaneous entanglement leakage of two static entangled Unruh-DeWitt detectors
• How Black Holes Burn
• Naked singularity, firewall, and Hawking radiation
• Quantum Love
• Black hole evolution in quantum-gravitational framework
• Tidal-heating/viscous dissipation correspondence in black holes and viscous compact objects
• Simple analog of the black-hole information paradox in quantum Hall interfaces
• Unitarity and Page curve for evaporation of 2D AdS black holes
• Universal Bounds on the Time Evolution of Entanglement Entropy
• Correspondence between Thermal and Quantum Vacuum Transitions around Horizons
• Quantum creation of traversable wormholes ex nihilo in Gauss-Bonnet-dilaton gravity
• Scale-invariance at the core of quantum black holes
• Holographic Reconstruction of Bubbles
• Emergent gravity from relatively local Hamiltonians and a possible resolution of the black hole information puzzle
• A stringy glimpse into the black hole horizon
• Global versus Local -- Mach's Principle versus the Equivalence Principle
• Something special at the event horizon
• The Quantum Memory Matrix: A Unified Framework for the Black Hole Information Paradox
• Thermofield Duality for Higher Spin Rindler Gravity
• Planckian Physics Comes Into Play At Planckian Distance From Horizon
• Page curve entanglement dynamics in an analytically solvable model
• Shining Light on Quantum Gravity with Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries
• Observational strong gravity and quantum black hole structure
• Cosmic background radiation in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole: no classic firewall
• Rescuing Complementarity With Little Drama
• de Sitter Harmonies: Cosmological Spacetimes as Resonances
• Re-examining the stability of rotating horizonless black shells mimicking Kerr black holes
• Black Hole Formation at the Correspondence Point
• A "black hole theorem," and its implications
• Black holes, white holes, and near-horizon physics
• Black hole singularity resolution in unimodular gravity from unitarity
• A Toy Model of the Information Paradox in Empty Space
• Imaging a semi-classical horizonless compact object with strong redshift
• Detecting high-dimensional entanglement in cold-atom quantum simulators
• Cool horizons lead to information loss
• Python's Lunches in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with matter
• Classical Spacetimes as Amplified Information in Holographic Quantum Theories
• Are multiple reflecting boundaries capable of enhancing entanglement harvesting?
• Quantum Information Scrambling Through a High-Complexity Operator Mapping
• Gapless Topological Order, Gravity, and Black Holes
• Schrödinger evolution of the Hawking state
• Does boundary quantum mechanics imply quantum mechanics in the bulk?
• From the Black Hole Conundrum to the Structure of Quantum Gravity
• Beyond Einstein's General Relativity
• Freely Falling Observer and Black Hole Radiation
• Non-Isometric Quantum Error Correction in Gravity
• On the black hole interior in string theoy
• Energy carries Information
• The arithmetic geometry of AdS${}_2$ and its continuum limit
• Quantum properties of fermionic fields in multi-event horizon spacetime
• Understanding black hole evaporation using explicitly computed Penrose diagrams
• Interactions resolve state-dependence in a toy-model of AdS black holes
• Schrödinger evolution of two-dimensional black holes
• Probing the black holes in a dark matter halo of M87 using gravitational wave echoes
• dS/CFT at uniform energy density and a de Sitter "bluewall"
• Density matrix of black hole radiation
• The state of Hawking radiation is non-classical
• Revealing the interior of black holes out of equilibrium in the SYK model
• Gravitational shockwaves on rotating black holes
• Charge Loss (or the Lack Thereof) for AdS Black Holes
• Minimal length and the flow of entropy from black holes
• Dilaton gravity with a boundary: from unitarity to black hole evaporation
• Relativeness in Quantum Gravity: Limitations and Frame Dependence of Semiclassical Descriptions
• Comment on "Measurements without probabilities in the final state proposal"
• Black hole factory: a review of double-null formalism
• A Maximum Force Perspective on Black Hole Thermodynamics, Quantum Pressure, and Near-Extremality
• Quantum Circuit Model of Black Hole Evaporation
• Collisions of localized shocks and quantum circuits
• Multi-partite analysis of average-subsystem entropies
• Unitary S Matrices With Long-Range Correlations and the Quantum Black Hole
• Thresholds of Large N Factorization in CFT4 : Exploring bulk spacetime in AdS5
• Lorentz-violating scalar Hamiltonian and equivalence principle in a static metric
• A non-local way around the no-global-symmetries conjecture in quantum gravity?
• Black Hole Information Problem and Wave Bursts
• Semiclassical gravitational collapse of a radially symmetric massless scalar quantum field
• Foliation-based approach to quantum gravity and applications to astrophysics
• Horizons of semiclassical black holes are cold
• Quantum logical entropy: fundamentals and general properties
• Sectional curvatures distribution of complexity geometry
• Interior Metric of Slowly Formed Black Holes in a Heat Bath
• Space-Time Duality between Quantum Chaos and Non-Hermitian Boundary Effect
• Black holes as Andreev reflecting mirrors
• From Uneventful Horizon to Firewall in D-Dimensional Effective Theory
• Quantum-gravitational trans-Planckian radiation by a rotating black hole
• Classical Love for Quantum Blackholes
• Effective Tolman temperature induced by trace anomaly
• Extending the QMM Framework to the Strong and Weak Interactions
• Gravitational crystal inside the black hole
• Entangled pairs in evaporating black holes without event horizons
• Complementarity + Back-reaction is enough
• The Gross-Pitaevskii equations of a static and spherically symmetric condensate of gravitons
• Operational islands and black hole dissipation in JT gravity
• Understanding holographic error correction via unique algebras and atomic examples
• Do black holes create polyamory?
• Entanglement Entropy in Jammed CFTs
• Smooth and sharp creation of a pointlike source for a $(3+1)$-dimensional quantum field
• Secret Loss of Unitarity due to the Classical Background
• Multipartite Entanglement and Firewalls
• Long-Range Nonlocality in Six-Point String Scattering: simulation of black hole infallers
• New Kind of Echo from Quantum Black Holes
• $SL(2,R)$ lattices as information processors
• Reduction of BTZ spacetime to hypersurfaces of foliation
• No Firewalls or Information Problem for Black Holes Entangled with Large Systems
• Quantum Error Correction and Holographic Information from Bilocal Holography
• Cosmological bounds on TeV-scale physics and beyond
• Are quantum corrections on horizon scale physically motivated?
• Black holes Entangled by Radiation
• Exact solutions and critical chaos in dilaton gravity with a boundary
• Decoherence of the radiation from an accelerated quantum source
• Particle production and apparent decoherence due to an accelerated time-delay
• Modifications to the signal from a gravitational wave event due to a surrounding shell of matter
• Page Curve of AdS-Vaidya Model for Evaporating Black Holes
• Generalized thermalization for integrable system under quantum quench
• Quantum Effects of the Conformal Anomaly in a 2D Model of Gravitational Collapse
• Trapping Horizon and Negative Energy
• Quantum gravitational effects on boundary
• Hall Scrambling on Black Hole Horizons
• Quantum information erasure inside black holes
• Hayden-Preskill protocol and decoding Hawking radiation at finite temperature
• The Devil in the (Implicit) Details. On the AMPS Paradox and its Resolution
• Fermion scattering by a class of Bardeen black holes
• Resolving information loss paradox with Euclidean path integral
• Firewalls as artefacts of inconsistent truncations of quantum geometries
• Finite Entanglement Entropy in String Theory
• Echoes from beyond: Detecting gravitational-wave quantum imprints with LISA
• Before the Page time: maximum entanglements or the return of the monster?
• Relativistic deformed kinematics: from flat to curved spacetimes
• What can we learn about islands and state paradox from quantum information theory?
• Can Quantum Particles Cross a Horizon?
• Yet another time about time - Part I
• Searching New Particles at Neutrino Telescopes with Quantum-Gravitational Decoherence
• Forbidden trajectories for path integrals
• Smooth and sharp creation of a spherical shell for a $(3+1)$-dimensional quantum field
• State of a particle pair produced by the Schwinger effect is not necessarily a maximally entangled Bell state
• Measuring the last burst of non-singular black holes
• A path(-integral) toward non-perturbative effects in Hawking radiation
• On the Stringy Hartle-Hawking State
• Lectures on Bulk Reconstruction
• Black Hole Information Recovery in JT Gravity
• Deriving the First Law of Black Hole Thermodynamics without Entanglement
• Complexity and typical microstates
• Suppressing Hawking radiation by quantum Zeno effect
• Black bounces and remnants in dilaton gravity
• Gravitational Echoes from Braneworlds
• Quantum complexity and bulk timelike singularities
• Lower limit on the entropy of black holes as inferred from gravitational wave observations
• Probing Near-Horizon Fluctuations with Black Hole Binary Mergers
• Echoes in the Kerr/CFT correspondence
• On the Curvature Invariants of the Massive Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli Black Holes and Their Holographic Pictures
• Spin-Spacetime Censorship
• Extreme Kerr black hole microstates with horizon fluff
• What Hawking Radiation Looks Like as You Fall into a Black Hole
• On Firewalls in quantum-corrected General Relativity
• Black holes in General Relativity and beyond
• Geometry of the Infalling Causal Patch
• Quantum entanglement and Hawking temperature
• "Firewall" Phenomenology with Astrophysical Neutrinos
• Bell Inequality in the Holographic EPR Pair
• Multipartite monogamous relations for Entanglement and Discord
• Multiple uncertainty relation for accelerated quantum information
• The Fredholm Approach to Charactize Gravitational Wave Echoes
• Alternative for Black Hole Paradoxes
• Wormholes and the Thermodynamic Arrow of Time
• Probability distribution for black hole evaporation
• Complexity growth for topological black holes by holographic method
• Riemann curvature of a boosted spacetime geometry
• On the Interaction between Ultralight Bosons and Quantum-Corrected Black Holes
• Kerr Black Hole Evaporation and Page Curve
• Non-Abelian Supertubes
• Efficient search method of anomalous reflection by the central object in an EMRI system by future space gravitational wave detectors
• Hawking radiation from an analogue bouncing geometry
• Properties of the (Un)Complexity of Subsystems
• On Renyi entropy for free conformal fields: holographic and q-analog recipes
• Asymmetric interiors for small black holes
• The effective Tolman temperature in curved spacetimes
• Inverted c-functions in thermal states
• Black Holes Thermodynamics in a new kind of Noncommutative Geometry
• Cusp singularities in f(R) gravity: pros and cons
• Correlation, entropy, and information transfer in black hole radiation
• Gravitational Waves, Gamma Ray Bursts, and Black Stars
• Black hole complementarity from microstate models: A study of information replication and the encoding in the black hole interior
• Universal entanglement timescale for Rényi entropies
• Hybrid quantum states in 2d dilaton gravity
• Causal structures and dynamics of black-hole-like solutions in string theory
• The continuum limit of the modular discretization of AdS${}_2$
• Quantum leaps of black holes: Magnifying glasses of quantum gravity
• Resolution to the firewall paradox: The black hole information paradox and highly squeezed interior quantum fluctuations
• External Energy Paradigm For Black Holes
• Entanglement inside a black hole before the Page time
• Why ghosts don't touch: a tale of two adventurers falling one after another into a black hole
• Hawking radiation and black hole gravitational back reaction - A quantum geometrodynamical simplified model
• Quantum Jump from Singularity to Outside of Black Hole
• New Perspective On The Unruh Effect
• Distance between collapsing matter and trapping horizon in evaporating black holes
• Stringy Forces in the Black Hole Interior
• Semiclassical S-matrix for black holes
• Remarks on Black Hole Complexity Puzzle
• Unpacking Black Hole Complementarity
• Information loss paradox revisited: farewell firewall?
• Almost certain loss from black holes: critical comments on the black hole final state proposal
• Electromagnetic Albedo of Quantum Black Holes
• Quantum-gravitational trans-Planckian energy of a time-dependent black hole
• Asymptotic States of Black Holes in KMY Model
• Evaporation of Echoing Black Holes
• Counting atypical black hole microstates from entanglement wedges
• The Holographic Map of an Evaporating Black Hole
• Suppression of Bekenstein-Hawking radiation in $f(T)$-gravity
• Atom-field dynamics in curved spacetime
• Towards a unitary formulation of quantum field theory in curved space-time: the case of Schwarzschild black hole
• Low-curvature quantum corrections from unitary evolution of de Sitter space
• Quantum Schwarzschild-(A)dS Black Holes: Unitarity and Singularity Resolution
• Topological Origin of Horizon Temperature via the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
• Thermodynamics of a Spherically Symmetric Causal Diamond in Minkowski Spacetime
• Generalised hyperbolicity in spacetimes with Lipschitz regularity
• The information loss problem and Hawking radiation as tunneling
• Lost Horizon? -- Modeling Black Holes in String Theory
• Schrodinger's Cat and the Firewall
• Null states and time evolution in a toy model of black hole dynamics
• Semiclassical solution of black hole information paradox
• Constrained field theories on spherically symmetric spacetimes with horizons
• Artificial Hawking radiation, weak pseudo-Hermiticity and Weyl semimetal blackhole analogy
• Evaporating black holes and late-stage loss of soft hair
• Island mirages
• Emergent spacetime & Quantum Entanglement in Matrix theory
• Exploring black hole mechanics in cotangent bundle geometries
• Puzzles and pitfalls involving Haar-typicality in holography
• Entanglement Entropy with a Time-dependent Hamiltonian
• Information recovery from pure state geometries in 3D
• Information recovery from evaporating black holes
• Humeanism in Light of Quantum Gravity
• Tail wavelets in the merger of binary compact objects
• Complexity as a holographic probe of strong cosmic censorship
• Zooming in on the horizon when in its Meissner state
• Semiclassical approach for the evaporating black hole revisited
• Deriving the Cosmological Constant and Nature's Constants from SU(3) Confinement Volume
• Unitarity and the information problem in an explicit model of black hole evaporation
• Instabilities of microstate geometries with antibranes
• A Quantum Rosetta Stone for the Information Paradox
• Free-fall energy density and flux in the Schwarzschild black hole
• Semiclassical S-matrix and black hole entropy in dilaton gravity
• Fractionated Branes and Black Hole Interiors
• Curved traversable wormholes in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime
• On the observer dependence of the Hilbert space near the horizon of black holes
• Conformal Cores of Quantum Black Holes in Quadratic Gravity
• Einstein's hole argument and Schwarzschild singularities
• Sharp Page transitions in generic Hamiltonian dynamics
• Signatures of Quantum Gravity in Gravitational Wave Memory
• Random Circuits in the Black Hole Interior
• Classical Holographic Codes
• (Non-adiabatic) string creation on nice slices in Schwarzschild black holes
• Excavations at the gravitationally collapsed site: Recent findings
• Spacing Statistics of Energy Spectra: Random Matrices, Black Hole Thermalization, and Echoes
• Demonstration of the Hayden-Preskill protocol via mutual information
• Superradiant instability of area quantized Kerr black hole with discrete reflectivity
• Disentanglement as a strong cosmic censor
• A self-consistency check for unitary propagation of Hawking quanta
• Realize Emergent Gravity to Generic Situations
• Everything is a "matter" of perspective: the Unruh effect
• Quantum Bias Cosmology: Acceleration from Holographic Information Capacity
• Microscopic State of BHs and an Exact One Body Method for Binary Dynamics in General Relativity
• Particles creation from JNW quantum perturbed black holes by minimally coupled Klein Gordon scalar free fields
• A monogamy paradox in empty flat space
• Black hole information recovery from gravitational waves
• Black hole interior Petz map reconstruction and Papadodimas-Raju proposal
• Towards a unitary formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime: the case of de Sitter spacetime
• Modification to the Hawking temperature of a dynamical black hole by a flow-induced supertranslation
• What is the final state of a black hole merger?
• Lorentz-covariant sampling theory for fields
• Constraints on the Scale Parameter of Regular Black Hole in Asymptotically Safe Gravity from Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Holographic non-computers
• Quantum Hair on Colliding Black Holes
• Post-firewall paradoxes
• Tunneling from the past horizon
• Instantons near a tachyonic top in anti de Sitter and the no-boundary regulator
• Gravitational-wave signatures of nonviolent nonlocality
• Time evolution of the inside of the black hole's horizon
• A divergent volume for black holes calls for no "firewall"
• Remnants, Fuzzballs or Wormholes?
• Island rules for the noncommutative black hole
• Entanglement harvesting in buckled honeycomb lattices by vacuum fluctuations in a microcavity
• Building flat space-time from information exchange between quantum fluctuations
• ER for typical EPR
• Emergent geometry from stochastic dynamics, or Hawking evaporation in M(atrix) theory
• Quantum dust collapse in 2+1 dimensions
• Towards Black Hole Entropy in Shape Dynamics
• Black hole spectra from Vaz's quantum gravitational collapse
• Revisiting holographic codes with fractal-like boundary erasures
• Entanglement of Spatial Regions vs. Entanglement of Particles
• Influence Through Mixing: Hotspots as Benchmarks for Basic Black-Hole Behaviour
• On the assumptions leading to the information loss paradox
• Flat-space Quantum Gravity in AdS/CFT
• Modave Lectures on Quantum Information: An Introduction to Channels and Applications to Black Holes and AdS/CFT
• Energy conditions in static, spherically symmetric spacetimes and effective geometries
• Harvesting entanglement from the Lorentz-violating quantum field vacuum in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate
• Perturbations of Einstein--Maxwell--phantom spacetime: Instabilities of charged Ellis--Bronnikov wormholes and quasinormal modes of black holes
• Non-Abelian Firewall
• Black Hole Field Theory with a Firewall in two spacetime dimensions
• Quantumness and entropic uncertainty for a pair of static Unruh-DeWitt detectors
• Black Hole Complementarity and ER/EPR
• Investigating the role of mutual information in the Page curve for a functional renormalization group improved Schwarzschild black hole
• Hawking-Page transition on a spin chain
• How is the Presence of Horizons and Localized Matter Encoded in the Entanglement Entropy?
• Emergence of curved momentum-spacetime and its effect on the cyclotron motion in the antiferromagnetic quantum critical metal
• Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory: a global cosmic ray detection framework
• Black hole information paradox without Hawking radiation
• Constrained field theories on Kerr backgrounds
• First Law of Inner Mechanics of Black Holes in Generalized Minimal Massive Gravity
• Fluctuating Black Hole Horizons
• Quantum Channels in Quantum Gravity
• A Unitary Model of The Black Hole Evaporation
• Quantum Conditional Probabilities and New Measures of Quantum Information
• Entanglement on curved hypersurfaces: A field-discretizer approach
• Violation of Unitarity in Gravitational Subregions
• Final-State Condition And Dissipative Quantum Mechanics
• Black Hole Thermodynamics Based on Unitary Evolutions
• Dark Information in Black Hole with $\lambda \phi$ Fluid
• The analog of the Hawking effect in BECs
• The cost of building a wall for a fermion
• Effective models of non-singular quantum black holes
• AdS gravastar and its signatures from dual conformal field theory
• Timing of echoes in electromagnetic radiation from hot spots orbiting a Kerr black hole impostor
• Nonperturbative Isentropic Processes in AdS Black Holes with Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Bridging Worldsheet CFTs and Wormholes
• Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
• Solving information loss paradox via Euclidean path integral
• Topology sums, sectorwise holography, and horizon normalcy
• Thermodynamics and information recovery of Schwarzschild AdS black holes in conformal Killing gravity
• Smooth horizons and quantum ripples
• Gravity with Perimeter Action and Gravitational Singularities
• Teleporting entanglement during black hole evaporation
• New insights on mutual information in the island approach to the Page curve
• Quantum origin of the Minkowski space
• On the Stability of (M theory) Stars against Collapse : Role of Anisotropic Pressures
• Entanglement and firewalls in quantum circuit model of black hole evaporation
• Gravitational wave memory in wormhole spacetimes
• Perturbative quantum consistency near black-hole horizon formation
• Information surfaces and overflow fields: a unitary evolution model based on the principle of information curvature scaling
• Communication strength of correlations violating monogamy relations
• On the nature of the black hole information problem
• Black Holes and Baryon Number Violation: Unveiling the Origins of Early Galaxies and the Low-Mass Gap
• Replica wormhole and AMPS firewall
• Circumventing the black hole hair-loss problem
• Emergent diffeomorphism invariance in toy models
• Non-local Geometry inside Lifshitz Horizon
• Hot Spaghetti: Viscous Gravitational Collapse
• Exponential mixing of all orders for Arnol'd cat map lattices
• Entangled wavepackets in the vacuum
• UV Effects and Short-Lived Hawking Radiation: Alternative Resolution of Information Paradox
• Entanglement production in the decay of a metastable state
• Alternative characterization of a black hole boundary
• Entanglement harvesting: detector gap and field mass optimization
• Black Hole Cannibalism
• Bulk-cone singularities and echoes from AdS exotic compact objects