The Black Hole information problem: past, present, and future

Abstract

We give a brief overview of the black hole information problem emphasizing fundamental issues and recent proposals for its resolution. The focus is on broad perspective and providing a guide to current literature rather than presenting full details. We concentrate on resolutions restoring naive unitarity.

Key Issues Review for Reports on Progress of Physics, 20 pages, minor changes

References in corpus (9)

• Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems
• The fuzzball proposal for black holes
• Black Holes as Effective Geometries
• Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality
• Higher derivative corrections to black hole thermodynamics from supersymmetric matrix quantum mechanics
• Unitarity and Holography in Gravitational Physics
• Black Holes, Information, and Hilbert Space for Quantum Gravity
• Evaporation of 2-Dimensional Black Holes
• Collisions with Black Holes and Deconfined Plasmas

Cited by in corpus (115)

• The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole
• Testing the rotational nature of the supermassive object M87* from the circularity and size of its first image
• Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information
• Born-Infeld inspired modifications of gravity
• Echoes of Kerr-like wormholes
• Phenomenological aspects of black holes beyond general relativity
• White Holes as Remnants: A Surprising Scenario for the End of a Black Hole
• On the viability of regular black holes
• Classical collapse to black holes and quantum bounces: A review
• Simple holographic models of black hole evaporation
• Observations of Hawking radiation: the Page curve and baby universes
• The Many Definitions of a Black Hole
• Black Hole evaporation: A Perspective from Loop Quantum Gravity
• Harvesting Entanglement with Detectors Freely Falling into a Black Hole
• Harvesting correlations in Schwarzschild and collapsing shell spacetimes
• From a locality-principle for new physics to image features of regular spinning black holes with disks
• The Page Curve for Fermionic Gaussian States
• Typical entanglement entropy in the presence of a center: Page curve and its variance
• Generalized uncertainty principle impact onto the black holes information flux and the sparsity of Hawking radiation
• Bouncing compact objects I: Quantum extension of the Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse
• Clocks and Rods in Jackiw-Teitelboim Quantum Gravity
• Neutral regular black hole solution in generalized Rastall gravity
• Microcanonical Path Integrals and the Holography of small Black Hole Interiors
• Black Holes Decohere Quantum Superpositions
• Black hole scalar charge from a topological horizon integral in Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Nonextensive Black Hole Entropy and Quantum Gravity Effects at the Last Stages of Evaporation
• Spacetime foam: a review
• Soft Hair of Dynamical Black Hole and Hawking Radiation
• The Page curve and baby universes
• Bag-of-gold spacetimes, Euclidean wormholes, and inflation from domain walls in AdS/CFT
• Rainbow gravity corrections to the information flux of a black hole and the sparsity of Hawking radiation
• Gravitational Vacuum Condensate Stars
• Static Black Hole and Vacuum Energy: Thin Shell and Incompressible Fluid
• Circular orbits and thin accretion disk around a quantum corrected black hole
• Complexity growth of rotating black holes with a probe string
• Invariance of Unruh and Hawking radiation under matter-induced supertranslations
• Theoretical description and experimental simulation of quantum entanglement near open time-like curves via pseudo-density operators
• Vacuum entanglement harvesting with a zero mode
• Entropy in the interior of a Kerr black hole
• Failure of Perturbation Theory Near Horizons: the Rindler Example
• On the Near-Horizon Geometry of an Evaporating Black Hole
• Pandora's box lid: geometry near the apparent horizon
• Back Reaction of 4D Conformal Fields on Static Geometry
• Kerr-Vaidya black holes
• Diffuse emission from black hole remnants
• Paradoxes before the paradox: surface gravity and the information loss problem
• Infrared finite scattering theory: Amplitudes and soft theorems
• Nomen non est omen: Why it is too soon to identify ultra-compact objects as black holes
• Structure of Correlated Worldline Theories of Quantum Gravity
• Spontaneous entanglement leakage of two static entangled Unruh-DeWitt detectors
• An order-unity correction to Hawking radiation
• A functional approach to soft graviton scattering and BMS charges
• Non-monogamy of spatio-temporal correlations and the black hole information loss paradox
• Simple analog of the black-hole information paradox in quantum Hall interfaces
• Experimental limit on non-linear state-dependent terms in quantum theory
• Are multiple reflecting boundaries capable of enhancing entanglement harvesting?
• Black Hole Evaporation in Loop Quantum Gravity
• On the Unruh effect, trajectories and information
• Non-abelian symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy
• Superradiant instabilities of massive bosons around exotic compact objects
• From Uneventful Horizon to Firewall in D-Dimensional Effective Theory
• Closer look at white hole remnants
• Infrared Effects in the Late Stages of Black Hole Evaporation
• Hadamard states on spherically symmetric characteristic surfaces, the semi-classical Einstein equations and the Hawking effect
• Are quantum corrections on horizon scale physically motivated?
• Trapping Horizon and Negative Energy
• Correlated Worldline theory: Structure and Consistency
• Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes
• Quantum Effects of the Conformal Anomaly in a 2D Model of Gravitational Collapse
• Black Remnants from T-Duality
• Unitary toy qubit transport model for black hole evaporation
• Microscopic states of Kerr black holes from boundary-bulk correspondence
• Smooth and sharp creation of a spherical shell for a $(3+1)$-dimensional quantum field
• Can Quantum Particles Cross a Horizon?
• Quantum memory for Rindler supertranslations
• Compact Chiral Boson Fields on the Horizon of BTZ Black Hole
• Complexity growth for topological black holes by holographic method
• Propagators in the Correlated Worldline Theory of Quantum Gravity
• Probing Near-Horizon Fluctuations with Black Hole Binary Mergers
• Quantum Populations near Black-Hole Singularities
• On black holes as macroscopic quantum objects
• Modifications of the Page Curve from correlations within Hawking radiation
• Unpacking Black Hole Complementarity
• Random pure Gaussian states and Hawking radiation
• The information loss problem and Hawking radiation as tunneling
• Causal unitary qubit model of black hole evaporation
• Soft Theorems from Boundary Terms in the Classical Point Particle Currents
• Unitarity and the information problem in an explicit model of black hole evaporation
• Fermionic model of unitary transport of qubits from a black hole
• Semiclassical solution of black hole information paradox
• Einstein's hole argument and Schwarzschild singularities
• Towards the merger of Hawking radiating black holes
• Quantum Bias Cosmology: Acceleration from Holographic Information Capacity
• Quantum fluctuating CGHS geometries and the information paradox
• The CR Volume for Black Holes and the Corresponding Entropy Variation: A Review
• Quantum black holes as solvents
• Quantum entanglement of Hawking-Partner modes in expanding cavities
• The classical dynamics of gauge theories in the deep infrared
• Black hole information paradox without Hawking radiation
• W-hairs of black holes in three dimensional spacetime
• Quantumness and entropic uncertainty for a pair of static Unruh-DeWitt detectors
• The irreducible mass of a regular rotating black hole
• Analog charged black hole formation via percolation: Exploring cosmic censorship and Hoop conjecture
• Soliton Diffusion as a Signature of Hawking Radiation in Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Unitary evolution to a state with a fixed mean number of particles
• The cost of building a wall for a fermion
• Quantum fields on semi-globally hyperbolic space-times
• Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
• The curious case of operators with spectral density increasing as $\Omega (E)\sim e^{Const.E^2}$
• Average entanglement entropy of a small subsystem in a constrained pure Gaussian state ensemble
• Shaving off soft hairs and the black hole image memory effect
• Conformal Invariance and Phase Transitions: Implications for Stable Black Hole Horizons?
• Emergent diffeomorphism invariance in toy models
• Hawking Radiation from Boundary Scalar Field
• Hawking radiation from an evaporating black hole via Bogoliubov transformations