White Holes as Remnants: A Surprising Scenario for the End of a Black Hole

Abstract

Quantum tunneling of a black hole into a white hole provides a model for the full life cycle of a black hole. The white hole acts as a long-lived remnant, solving the black-hole information paradox. The remnant solution of the paradox has long been viewed with suspicion, mostly because remnants seemed to be such exotic objects. We point out that (i) established physics includes objects with precisely the required properties for remnants: white holes with small masses but large finite interiors; (ii) non-perturbative quantum-gravity indicates that a black hole tunnels precisely into such a white hole, at the end of its evaporation. We address the objections to the existence of white-hole remnants, discuss their stability, and show how the notions of entropy relevant in this context allow them to evade several no-go arguments. A black hole's formation, evaporation, tunneling to a white hole, and final slow decay, form a unitary process that does not violate any known physics.

12 pages, 8 figures, references added

References in corpus (14)

• Complexity and Shock Wave Geometries
• Tests for the existence of horizons through gravitational wave echoes
• Black hole evaporation: A paradigm
• From black holes to white holes: a quantum gravitational, symmetric bounce
• How big is a black hole?
• Fast Radio Bursts and White Hole Signals
• The lifetime problem of evaporating black holes: mutiny or resignation
• Planck star phenomenology
• Evaporation of 2-Dimensional Black Holes
• Information Recovery From Black Holes
• No firewalls in quantum gravity: the role of discreteness of quantum geometry in resolving the information loss paradox
• Von-Neumann Stability and Singularity Resolution in Loop Quantized Schwarzschild Black Hole
• Entanglement entropy production in gravitational collapse: covariant regularization and solvable models
• Quantum Gravity Effects around Sagittarius A*

Cited by in corpus (103)

• Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
• Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• A Short Review of Loop Quantum Gravity
• Quantum Transfiguration of Kruskal Black Holes
• Quantum Extension of the Kruskal Space-time
• Phenomenological aspects of black holes beyond general relativity
• Geodesically complete black holes
• Effective loop quantum gravity framework for vacuum spherically symmetric space-times
• Effective Quantum Extended Spacetime of Polymer Schwarzschild Black Hole
• Observations of Hawking radiation: the Page curve and baby universes
• Opening the Pandora's box at the core of black holes
• Black hole collapse and bounce in effective loop quantum gravity
• Black Hole evaporation: A Perspective from Loop Quantum Gravity
• On the fate of quantum black holes
• Small black/white hole stability and dark matter
• Mass and Horizon Dirac Observables in Effective Models of Quantum Black-to-White Hole Transition
• On the geometry of the black-to-white hole transition within a single asymptotic region
• Bouncing compact objects I: Quantum extension of the Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse
• The End of a Black Hole's Evaporation -- Part I
• Properties of the spherically symmetric polymer black holes
• Evaporating black-to-white hole
• Spacetime Singularities and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture: A Review with Some Thoughts
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. II. Non-time-radial-symmetric and loop quantum gravity-inspired metrics
• Loop quantum deparametrized Schwarzschild interior and discrete black hole mass
• Improved Effective Dynamics of Loop-Quantum-Gravity Black Hole and Nariai Limit
• Spherical symmetric gravitational collapse of a dust cloud: polymerized dynamics in reduced phase space
• Classical mass inflation vs semiclassical inner horizon inflation
• Bouncing compact objects. Part II: Effective theory of a pulsating Planck star
• The End of a Black Hole's Evaporation -- Part II
• Causal Structure of a recent Loop Quantum Gravity Black Hole Collapse Model
• Geodesically complete black holes in Lorentz-violating gravity
• Gravitational wave hints black hole remnants as dark matter
• Quantum dynamics of the black hole interior in LQC
• Macroscopic quantum tunneling: from quantum vortices to black holes and Universe
• Effective Quantum Dust Collapse via Surface Matching
• Gravitational collapse in effective loop quantum gravity: beyond marginally bound configurations
• Hamiltonian formulation and loop quantization of a recent extension of the Kruskal spacetime
• Black Hole as a Quantum Field Configuration
• Complex, Lorentzian, and Euclidean simplicial quantum gravity: numerical methods and physical prospects
• Black to white transition of a charged black hole
• Micro black holes formed in the early Universe and their cosmological implications
• New black-to-white hole solutions with improved geometry and energy conditions
• Rainbow Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse and the entanglement entropy production
• Thermodynamics and decay of de Sitter vacuum
• Importance of being nonminimally coupled: Scalar Hawking radiation from regular black holes
• Understanding quantum black holes from quantum reduced loop gravity
• The subtle unphysical hypothesis of the firewall theorem
• Raychaudhuri equations and gravitational collapse in Einstein-Cartan theory
• Exploring alternatives to the Hamiltonian calculation of the Ashtekar-Olmedo-Singh black hole solution
• Remnant loop quantum black holes
• Varying Newton constant and black hole to white hole quantum tunneling
• Avoidance of singularity during the gravitational collapse with string T-duality effects
• Diffuse emission from black hole remnants
• Quantum Corrected Polymer Black Hole Thermodynamics: Mass Relations and Logarithmic Entropy Correction
• Light deflection and gravitational lensing effects inspired by loop quantum gravity
• Extended phase space quantization of a black hole interior model in Loop Quantum Cosmology
• Two-time alternative to the Ashtekar-Olmedo-Singh black hole interior
• Through a Black Hole Singularity
• Pre-big-bang black-hole remnants and the past low entropy
• Black hole evolution in quantum-gravitational framework
• A "black hole theorem," and its implications
• Space of solutions of the Ashtekar-Olmedo-Singh effective black hole model
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. III. Covariant canonical quantum gravity models
• Black holes, white holes, and near-horizon physics
• Black Hole Evaporation in Loop Quantum Gravity
• From black hole to white hole via the intermediate static state
• Herglotz Action for Homogeneous Cosmology
• Mass of cosmological perturbations in the hybrid and dressed metric formalisms of Loop Quantum Cosmology for the Starobinsky and exponential potentials
• Non-abelian symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy
• Axial perturbations in Kantowski-Sachs spacetimes and hybrid quantum cosmology
• Closer look at white hole remnants
• The landscape of polymer quantum cosmology
• Models of cosmological black holes
• Symmetric black-to-white hole solutions with a cosmological constant
• Polar perturbations in Kantowski-Sachs spacetimes and hybrid quantum cosmology
• Quantum strong cosmic censorship and black hole evaporation
• Information content and minimum-length metric: A drop of light
• On the Interaction between Ultralight Bosons and Quantum-Corrected Black Holes
• Black bounces and remnants in dilaton gravity
• Stellar collapse with pressure in effective loop quantum gravity
• NEC violation in $f(\bar{R},\bar{T})$ gravity in the context of a non-canonical theory via modified Raychaudhuri equation
• Formation of nonsingular spherical black holes with holonomy corrections
• Tunneling of quantum geometries in spinfoams
• Quantization of gravity and finite temperature effects
• The Influence of Approximation in Generalized Uncertainty Principle on Black Hole Evaporation
• Mass evolution of Schwarzschild black holes
• Spin fluctuations and black hole singularities: the onset of quantum gravity is spacelike
• Semiclassical solution of black hole information paradox
• Immortality through the dark forces: Dark-charge primordial black holes as dark matter candidates
• Effective Quantum Gravitational Collapse in a Polymer Framework
• Quantum dust collapse with cosmological constant and methods for constructing conformal diagrams
• Spinfoam tunneling of quantum geometries in angle variables
• Testing loop quantum gravity by quasi-periodic oscillations: rotating blackholes
• Loopy Black-Hole Remnants
• Basis Function Method for Numerical Loop Quantum Cosmology: The Schwarzschild Black Hole Interior
• Black hole information paradox without Hawking radiation
• Effective LQG-inspired dynamics of a thin shell and the fate of a collapsing star
• Dynamical Horizon Segments and Spacetime Isometries
• Quantum fields on semi-globally hyperbolic space-times
• Extended geometry of Gambini-Olmedo-Pullin polymer black hole and its quasinormal spectrum
• Transition between Schwarzschild black hole and string black hole
• Space-Time Collocation Method: Loop Quantum Hamiltonian Constraints
• De Sitter Cores from Nonlocal Quantum Field Theories