Why Aren't Black Holes Infinitely Produced?

Abstract

Unitarity and locality imply a remnant solution to the information problem, and also imply that Reissner-Nordstrom black holes have infinite numbers of internal states. Pair production of such black holes is reexamined including the contribution of these states. It is argued that the rate is proportional to the thermodynamic quantity Tr e^{-beta H}, where the trace is over the internal states of a black hole; this is in agreement with estimates from an effective field theory for black holes. This quantity, and the rate, is apparently infinite due to the infinite number of states. One obvious out is if the number of internal states of a black hole is finite.

26 pages (harvmac l mode); also uses epsf.tex

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Cited by in corpus (44)

• Jerusalem Lectures on Black Holes and Quantum Information
• Black Hole Remnants and the Information Loss Paradox
• The Black Hole information problem: past, present, and future
• Black holes, quantum information, and unitary evolution
• Conservative solutions to the black hole information problem
• Models for unitary black hole disintegration
• Possible observational windows for quantum effects from black holes
• The information paradox and the locality bound
• Nonviolent unitarization: basic postulates to soft quantum structure of black holes
• The black hole information paradox
• Quantum information transfer and models for black hole mechanics
• Nonlocality vs. complementarity: a conservative approach to the information problem
• High-energy gravitational scattering and black hole resonances
• Universal black hole stability in four dimensions
• Semi-classical black holes with large N re-scaling and information loss problem
• Thin-shell bubbles and information loss problem in anti de Sitter background
• Quantitative approaches to information recovery from black holes
• Quantum black hole entropy and Newton constant renormalization
• Effective field theory models for nonviolent information transfer from black holes
• Asymptotic Symmetries in de Sitter and Inflationary Spacetimes
• An Uneventful Horizon in Two Dimensions
• Is string theory a theory of quantum gravity?
• Pair creation of de Sitter black holes on a cosmic string background
• Black hole evaporation rates without spacetime
• Statistical physics of black holes as quantum-mechanical systems
• Black holes in the quantum universe
• Horizonless ultracompact objects and dark matter in quadratic gravity
• Dynamical evaporation of quantum horizons
• Revisiting the black hole entropy and the information paradox
• How can we erase states inside a black hole?
• Optical geometry for gravitational collapse and Hawking radiation
• Page curves for tripartite systems
• A "black hole theorem," and its implications
• Quantum Stability of Accelerated Black Holes
• Observational strong gravity and quantum black hole structure
• Near-Extremal Black Hole Evaporation in Asymptotically Flat Spacetime
• Schrödinger evolution of two-dimensional black holes
• Dangerous implications of a minimum length in quantum gravity
• Before the Page time: maximum entanglements or the return of the monster?
• Beyond the Planck scale
• Higher-Curvature Gravity, Black Holes and Holography
• Demonstration of the Hayden-Preskill protocol via mutual information
• Post-firewall paradoxes
• A note on the black hole information paradox in de Sitter spacetimes