The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole

Abstract

Bulk quantum fields are often said to contribute to the generalized entropy $\frac{A}{4G_N}+S_{\mathrm{bulk}}$ only at $O(1)$. Nonetheless, in the context of evaporating black holes, $O(1/G_N)$ gradients in $S_{\mathrm{bulk}}$ can arise due to large boosts, introducing a quantum extremal surface far from any classical extremal surface. We examine the effect of such bulk quantum effects on quantum extremal surfaces (QESs) and the resulting entanglement wedge in a simple two-boundary $2d$ bulk system defined by Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to a 1+1 CFT. Turning on a coupling between one boundary and a further external auxiliary system which functions as a heat sink allows a two-sided otherwise-eternal black hole to evaporate on one side. We find the generalized entropy of the QES to behave as expected from general considerations of unitarity, and in particular that ingoing information disappears from the entanglement wedge after a scambling time $\frac{\beta }{2\pi }\ln \Delta S+O(1)$ in accord with expectations for holographic implementations of the Hayden-Preskill protocol. We also find an interesting QES phase transition at what one might call the Page time for our process.

arXiv comment49 pages, 9 figures; v3: overview section added

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• Entangled universes
• Page curves and island's delays in asymptotically flat 2d spacetimes with injections
• Entanglement Entropy and Complexity in Dyonic Quantum Black Holes
• General Junction Condition and Casimir Effect for (1+1)-Dimensional Scalar Network CFT
• On the stabilizer complexity of Hawking radiation
• Geometry of quantum complexity
• Entanglement, defects, and $T\bar{T}$ on a black hole background
• Island of acoustic black hole in Schwarzschild spacetime
• Revisiting holographic codes with fractal-like boundary erasures
• Reconstructing the boundary of AdS from an infrared defect
• On the assumptions leading to the information loss paradox
• Holography and the Page curve of an evaporating black hole
• Holographic Local Operator Quenches in BCFTs
• Unitary (semi)causal quantum-circuit representation of black hole evaporation
• Circumventing the black hole hair-loss problem
• The Low Energy Limit of BFSS Quantum Mechanics
• Quantum Chaos and Unitary Black Hole Evaporation
• GUP/BEB correspondence
• Local Geometric Bounds on Generalized Entropy Evolution along Null Horizons
• Massless Islands in Wedge Holography
• The fate of Reissner--Nordström--de Sitter black holes: nonequilibrium discharge and evaporation
• The Fate of Nucleated Black Holes in de Sitter Quantum Gravity
• Probing the Factorized Island Branch with the Capacity of Entanglement in JT Gravity
• Boundary mutual information in double holography
• Hawking radiation from an evaporating black hole via Bogoliubov transformations
• Quantum entropy thermalization
• Probing sine dilaton gravity with flow central charge
• Euclidean-to-Lorentzian wormhole transition and gravitational symmetry breaking in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
• On the Euclidean Action of de Sitter Black Holes and Constrained Instantons
• On the nonclassicality in quantum JT gravity
• Holography for de Sitter bubble geometries
• Holographic Reflected Entropy: Islands and Defect Phases
• Solving information loss paradox via Euclidean path integral
• Average entanglement entropy of a small subsystem in a constrained pure Gaussian state ensemble
• The curious case of operators with spectral density increasing as $\Omega (E)\sim e^{Const.E^2}$
• Bulk entanglement and its shape dependence
• Temperatures of AdS${}_2$ black holes and holography revisited
• Holographic Entanglement Entropy for Brane-World Higher Derivative Gravity
• Position dependence of the holographic entanglement entropy for an accelerating quark-antiquark pair
• Hawking Radiation from Boundary Scalar Field
• Black Hole Cannibalism
• UV Effects and Short-Lived Hawking Radiation: Alternative Resolution of Information Paradox
• Entropy of Hawking Radiation for Two-Sided Hyperscaling Violating Black Branes
• Theory dependence of black hole interior reconstruction and the extended strong subadditivity
• Double holography in string theory