Entanglement Entropy of Non-Hermitian Eigenstates and the Ginibre Ensemble

Abstract

Entanglement entropy is a powerful tool in characterizing universal features in quantum many-body systems. In quantum chaotic Hermitian systems, typical eigenstates have near maximal entanglement with very small fluctuations. Here, we show that for Hamiltonians displaying non-Hermitian many-body quantum chaos, modeled by the Ginibre ensemble, the entanglement entropy of typical eigenstates is greatly suppressed. The entropy does not grow with the Hilbert space dimension for sufficiently large systems and the fluctuations are of equal order. We derive the novel entanglement spectrum that has infinite support in the complex plane and strong energy dependence. We provide evidence of universality and similar behavior is found in the non-Hermitian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (nSYK) model, indicating the general applicability of the Ginibre ensemble to dissipative many-body quantum chaos.

arXiv comment5 pages, 4 figures; v2: universality results added, background on Dyson Brownian Motion and alternative definition of von Neumann entropy added to supplemental material, references added, and other minor revisions to match version published in PRL

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