The universality of islands outside the horizon

Abstract

We systematically calculate the quantum extremal surface (QES) associated with Hawking radiation for general $D$-dimensional ($D\ge 2$) asymptotically flat (or AdS) eternal black holes using the island formula. We collect the Hawking radiation particles by a non-gravitational bath and find that a QES exists in the near-horizon region outside the black hole when $c\cdot G_{(D)}$ is smaller enough where $c$ is the central charge of the conformal matter and $G_{(D)}$ the $D$-dimensional Newton constant. The locations of the QES in these backgrounds are obtained and the late-time radiation entropy saturates the two times of black hole entropy. Finally, we numerically check that the no island configuration exists once $c\cdot G_{(D)}$ exceeds a certain upper bound in two-dimensional generalized dilaton theories (GDT). When $c\cdot G_{(D)}$ is close to the upper bound, the backreaction of the matter field on the background can not be neglected. We also consider the conditions of existence of the island configuration with the backreaction and prove that the upper bound also exists for the Witten black hole and Weyl-related Witten black hole.

31 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables v3: New section is added to discuss the backreaction effects of matter fields. Match the published version

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• Small Schwarzschild de Sitter black holes, quantum extremal surfaces and islands
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• Page Curve of Effective Hawking Radiation
• The PEE aspects of entanglement islands from bit threads
• Planar Black Holes in Holographic Axion Gravity: Islands, Page Times, and Scrambling Times
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• Infrared Regularization and Finite Size Dynamics of Entanglement Entropy in Schwarzschild Black Hole
• Entanglement entropy and vacuum states in Schwarzschild geometry
• Island of Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{\mathbf{o}}$m anti-de Sitter black holes in the large $d$ limit
• Reflected Entropy and Entanglement Negativity for Holographic Moving Mirrors
• Analogue gravity and the island prescription
• Black holes Entangled by Radiation
• Page Curve of AdS-Vaidya Model for Evaporating Black Holes
• Schwarzschild black holes, Islands and Virasoro algebra
• Entanglement inside a black hole before the Page time
• Towards bit threads in general gravitational spacetimes
• Compactified extra dimension and entanglement island as clues to quantum gravity
• Entanglement island and Page curve for one-sided charged black hole
• Effect of backreaction on Island, Page curve and Mutual Information
• Island rules for the noncommutative black hole
• Island of acoustic black hole in Schwarzschild spacetime
• Investigating the role of mutual information in the Page curve for a functional renormalization group improved Schwarzschild black hole
• Boundary mutual information in double holography
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