Can environmental effects spoil precision gravitational-wave astrophysics?

Abstract

[abridged abstract] No, within a broad class of scenarios. With the advent of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy, environmental effects on the GW signal will eventually have to be quantified. Here we present a wide survey of the corrections due to these effects in two situations of great interest for GW astronomy: the black hole (BH) ringdown emission and the inspiral of two compact objects. We take into account various effects such as: electric charges, magnetic fields, cosmological evolution, possible deviations from General Relativity, firewalls, and various forms of matter such as accretion disks and dark matter halos. Our analysis predicts the existence of resonances dictated by the external mass distribution, which dominate the very late-time behavior of merger/ringdown waveforms. The mode structure can drastically differ from the vacuum case, yet the BH response to external perturbations is unchanged at the time scales relevant for detectors. This is because although the vacuum Schwarzschild resonances are no longer quasinormal modes of the system, they still dominate the response at intermediate times. Our results strongly suggest that both parametrized and ringdown searches should use at least two-mode templates. Our analysis of compact binaries shows that environmental effects are typically negligible for most eLISA sources, with the exception of very few special extreme mass ratio inspirals. We show in particular that accretion and hydrodynamic drag generically dominate over self-force effects for geometrically thin disks, whereas they can be safely neglected for geometrically thick disk environments, which are the most relevant for eLISA. Finally, we discuss how our ignorance of the matter surrounding compact objects implies intrinsic limits on the ability to constrain strong-field deviations from General Relativity.

arXiv comment72 pages, 18 figures. Concise summary of this work can be found in accompanying paper posted on arXiv:1404.7140. v2: minor improvements and updates. Accepted for publication in PRD

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• Transverse Doppler effect and parameter estimation of LISA three-body systems
• Gravitational Magnus effect
• Geodesic structure and quasinormal modes of a tidally perturbed spacetime
• Probing the quantum nature of black holes with ultra-light boson environments
• Quasinormal modes of black holes encircled by a gravitating thin disk
• Influence of dark matter equation of state on the axial gravitational ringing of supermassive black holes
• Poisson-Arago spot for gravitational waves
• Detecting dark matter oscillations with gravitational waveforms
• Dark Matter Mounds: towards a realistic description of dark matter overdensities around black holes
• Black holes in anti-de Sitter: quasinormal modes, tails and tales of flat spacetime
• The implications of stochastic gas torques for asymmetric binaries in the LISA band
• Dynamical Formation Scenarios for GW190521 and Prospects for Decihertz Gravitational-Wave Astronomy with GW190521-Like Binaries
• Echoes of charged black-bounce spacetimes
• Dark Matter Signatures of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• The ringing of quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole with GUP
• Iron K$\alpha$ line of Kerr black holes with Proca hair
• Testing the Kerr metric using X-ray reflection spectroscopy: spectral analysis of GX 339-4
• Subdominant Modes of Scalar Superradiant Instability and Gravitational Wave Beats
• Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era -- A review
• Testing General Relativity with Gravitational Waves
• Dirty black hole supported by a uniform electric field in Einstein-Nonlinear Electrodynamics-Dilaton theory
• Slowly-rotating compact objects: the nonintegrability of Hartle-Thorne particle geodesics
• The Quasinormal Modes of Quasinormal Modes
• Black hole quasinormal mode resonances
• Tidal effects in gravitational waves from neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals
• Probing the Unstable Spectrum of Schwarzschild-like Black Holes
• Quasinormal Modes and Gray-Body Factors for Gravitational Perturbations in Asymptotically Safe Gravity
• Magnetic-induced Spontaneous Scalarization in Dynamcial Chern-Simons Gravity
• Echoes of axial gravitational perturbations in stars of uniform density
• Piercing of a solitonic boson star by a black hole
• Bound States of the Schwarzschild Black Hole
• Superradiant instabilities by accretion disks in scalar-tensor theories
• Scattering of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves from binary systems
• Accretion of Self-interacting Scalar Field Dark Matter Onto a Reissner-Nordström Black Hole
• Next-to-leading-order solution to Kerr-Newman black hole superradiance
• The (in)stability of quasinormal modes of Boulware-Deser-Wheeler black hole in the hyperboloidal framework
• Black holes with surrounding matter and rainbow scattering
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• High-precision source characterization of intermediate mass-ratio black hole coalescences with gravitational waves: The importance of higher-order multipoles
• Ringdown spectroscopy of phenomenologically modified black holes
• Gravitational Radiation from Close Binaries with Time-Varying Masses
• Distinguish the environmental effects and modified theory of gravity with multiple massive black-hole binaries
• Resonant excitation of eccentricity in spherical extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Systematic biases from ignoring environmental tidal effects in gravitational wave observations
• Muffled Murmurs: Environmental effects in the LISA stochastic signal from stellar-mass black hole binaries
• Modifications to the signal from a gravitational wave event due to a surrounding shell of matter
• Probing dark matter halo profiles with multi-band observations of gravitational waves
• Eccentricity distribution of extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Electrodynamics and spacetime geometry: Astrophysical applications
• On the origin of quasinormal modes in semi-open systems
• In the grip of the disk: dragging the companion through an AGN
• The ringdown of a black hole surrounded by a thin shell of matter
• A Fisher matrix for gravitational-wave population inference
• Black holes in General Relativity and beyond
• Assessing the systematic errors of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals waveforms for testing general relativity
• The Fredholm Approach to Charactize Gravitational Wave Echoes
• Massive fields affected by echoes: New physics vs. astrophysical environment
• Catalog variance of testing general relativity with gravitational-wave data
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Another Approach to Test Gravity around a Black Hole
• Post-adiabatic waveforms from extreme mass ratio inspirals in the presence of dark matter
• Extreme mass ratio inspirals around topological stars
• Exploring Dark Forces with Multimessenger Studies of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Intermediate mass ratio inspirals in dark matter halos
• Viscous torque in turbulent magnetized AGN accretion disks and its effects on EMRI's gravitational waves
• Vortices without inflow: bound spectra in horizonless rotational analogs
• Noncommutative quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild black hole
• Systematic bias in LISA ringdown analysis due to waveform inaccuracy
• Gravitational waves of quasi-circular, inspiraling black hole binaries in an ultralight vector dark-matter environment
• Black-Hole Perturbation Plus Post-Newtonian Theory: Hybrid Waveform for Neutron Star Binaries
• Modeling HF-QPOs in Microquasars and AGNs: Charged Particles around Black Holes with CDM Halos
• Toward relativistic inspirals into black holes surrounded by matter
• Spectral instability of horizonless compact objects within astrophysical environments
• Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
• Parametric-resonance based phenomenology of gravitating axion configurations
• Identifying intermediate mass binary black hole mergers in AGN disks using LISA
• Reconstructing the LISA massive black hole binary population via iterative kernel density estimation
• Equatorial geodesics in ergoregion of dirty black holes and zero energy observers
• Intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals with general dynamical friction in dark matter minispikes
• Science Potential for Stellar-mass Black Holes as Neighbors of Sgr A*
• A multi-parameter expansion for the evolution of asymmetric binaries in astrophysical environments
• Binary superradiance: a numerical study
• Lensing by black holes within astrophysical environments
• Distinguishing dark matter halos with Extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Axial Gravitational Perturbations of Slowly-Rotating Compact Objects in General Relativity and Beyond
• Black hole spectroscopy of collapsing and merging neutron stars
• Master variables and Darboux symmetry for axial perturbations of the exterior and interior of black hole spacetimes
• Korteweg-de Vries Integrals for Modified Black Hole Potentials: Instabilities and other Questions
• Measurable Parameter Combinations of Environmentally-dephased EMRI Gravitational-Wave Signals
• Stellar-Mass Black Holes
• Tail wavelets in the merger of binary compact objects
• Detectability of dark matter density distribution via gravitational waves from binary black holes in the Galactic center
• Space-based Gravitational Wave Observatories
• Tidal forces around the Letelier-Alencar cloud of strings black hole
• QNM families: classification and competition
• Constraints on the Scale Parameter of Regular Black Hole in Asymptotically Safe Gravity from Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• A Parametrized Test of General Relativity for LISA Massive Black Hole Binary Inspirals
• Pseudospectrum of Reissner-Nordström black holes: quasinormal mode instability and universality
• Observable signature of magnetic tidal coupling in hierarchical triple systems
• Multi-parameter Tests of General Relativity Using Bayesian Parameter Estimation with Principal Component Analysis for LISA
• Hubble constant measurement from QPEs as electromagnetic counterparts to extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Mini boson stars in higher dimensions are radially unstable
• Tachyonic Instability of Reissner-Nordström-Melvin Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Theory
• Excitation factors for horizonless compact objects: long-lived modes, echoes, and greybody factors
• Exceptional Lines and Excitation of (Nearly) Double-Pole Quasinormal Modes: A Semi-Analytic Study in the Nariai Black Hole
• Fundamental Concepts
• Preliminary forecasting constraint on scalar charge with LISA in non-vacuum environments
• Matter environments around black holes: geodesics, light rings, and ultracompact configurations
• Modeling the frequency-domain ringdown amplitude of comparable-mass mergers with greybody factors
• Extreme mass ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by matter: Resonance crossings
• Mass and spin coevolution of black holes inspiralling through dark matter
• The imprint of gas on gravitational waves from LISA intermediate-mass black hole binaries
• Hints of Dark Matter Spikes in Low-mass X-ray Binaries: a critical assessment
• Pearson cross-correlation in the first four black hole binary mergers
• Generalized Perturbed Kepler Problem: Gravitational Wave Imprints from Eccentric Compact Binaries
• Challenging theories of gravitation: dark matter, compact objects and gravitational waves
• Neutron stars more compact than black holes as a probe of strong-field gravity
• The impact of relativistic corrections on the detectability of dark-matter spikes with gravitational waves
• The Effect of Mission Duration on LISA Science Objectives
• Fundamental fields around compact objects: Massive spin-2 fields, Superradiant instabilities and Stars with dark matter cores
• Accreting Schwarzschild-like compact object: Plasma-photon interaction and stability
• The landscape of massive black-hole spectroscopy with LISA and Einstein Telescope
• The scientific potential of space-based gravitational wave detectors
• Geometric properties of slowly rotating black holes embedded in matter environments
• Galactic microlensing by acoustic Schwarzschild black holes
• Electrically charged black hole solutions in semiclassical gravity and dynamics of linear perturbations
• Numerical study on the robustness of the stability for stable black holes
• When vacuum breaks: a self-consistency test for astrophysical environments in extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Trails of clouds in binary black holes
• Probing higher curvature gravity via ringdown with overtones
• Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime II: collisions, thermal corrections, and superradiant instabilities
• Spectral instability of parametrized black hole quasinormal modes in the high-overtone limit via the exact WKB analysis
• Precisely computing bound orbits of spinning bodies around black holes I: General framework and results for nearly equatorial orbits
• Supermassive black holes surrounded by dark matter modeled as anisotropic fluid: epicyclic oscillations and their fitting to observed QPOs
• Precisely computing bound orbits of spinning bodies around black holes II: Generic orbits
• Soliton boson stars, Q-balls and the causal Buchdahl bound
• Isotropic Coordinates for Generalized Schwarzschild-like Solutions
• Observing GW190521-like binary black holes and their environment with LISA
• Gravitational memory meets astrophysical environments: exploring a new frontier through osculations
• Resonances, black hole mimickers and the greenhouse effect: consequences for gravitational-wave physics
• Tests for the existence of horizon through gravitational waves from a small binary in the vicinity of a massive object
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals as probes of scalar fields: eccentric equatorial orbits around Kerr black holes
• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole
• Applying higher-modes consistency test on GW190814 : lessons on no-hair theorem, nature of the secondary compact object and waveform modeling
• Generic effective sources for first-order in mass-ratio gravitational self-force calculations in Schwarzschild spacetime
• Quasinormal spectra of a wormhole family: overtone features and a parameter-controlled redshift
• Dynamical system approach to the spectral (in)stability of black holes under localised potential perturbations