Gravitational Wave Tests of General Relativity with Ground-Based Detectors and Pulsar Timing Arrays

Abstract

This review is focused on tests of Einstein's theory of General Relativity with gravitational waves that are detectable by ground-based interferometers and pulsar timing experiments. Einstein's theory has been greatly constrained in the quasi-linear, quasi-stationary regime, where gravity is weak and velocities are small. Gravitational waves will allow us to probe a complimentary, yet previously unexplored regime: the non-linear and dynamical strong-field regime. Such a regime is, for example, applicable to compact binaries coalescing, where characteristic velocities can reach fifty percent the speed of light and compactnesses can reach a half. This review begins with the theoretical basis and the predicted gravitational wave observables of modified gravity theories. The review continues with a brief description of the detectors, including both gravitational wave interferometers and pulsar timing arrays, leading to a discussion of the data analysis formalism that is applicable for such tests. The review ends with a discussion of gravitational wave tests for compact binary systems.

123 pages, 5 figures, replaced with version accepted for publication in the Living Reviews in Relativity

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• Testing Ghasemi-Nodehi-Bambi metric parameters with quasi-periodic oscillations
• Prospects of constraining on the polarizations of gravitational waves from binary black holes using space- and ground-based detectors
• Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Nonstandard Neutrino Properties in Collapsing Stellar Cores
• Primordial scalar gravitational waves produced at the QCD phase transition due to the trace anomaly
• Gravitational-wave memory effects in the Damour-Esposito-Farèse extension of Brans-Dicke theory
• Exploring Dark Forces with Multimessenger Studies of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Constraints on Einstein-dilaton Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Taiji
• Relativistic tidal effects in non standard Kerr space-time
• Gravitational wave oscillations in bimetric cosmology
• The Impact of Dark Matter on Gravitational Wave Detection by Space-based Interferometers
• Early-universe cosmology in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Neutron stars in general relativity and scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Inferring astrophysics and cosmology with individual compact binary coalescences and their gravitational-wave stochastic background
• Constraints on fourth order gravity from binary pulsar and gravitational waves
• Observational appearance of Kaluza-Klein black holes
• Gravitational radiation from birefringent matter dynamics
• Connecting Inflation to the NANOGrav 15-year Data Set via Massive Gravity
• Sgr A* Shadow Study with KTN Space Time and Investigation of NUT Charge Existence
• Neutron stars in the generalized SU(2) Proca theory
• Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves
• The Response of Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors Beyond the Eikonal Equation
• Is Gravity Actually the Curvature of Spacetime?
• Detection of gravitational waves by light perturbation
• Sub-Planckian scale and limits for $f(R)$ models
• A study for testing the Kerr metric with AGN iron line eclipses
• Ten years of extreme gravity tests of general theory of relativity with gravitational-wave observations
• Rotations of the polarization of a gravitational wave propagating in Universe
• More than the sum of its parts: combining parameterized tests of extreme gravity
• Observation of Gravitational Waves by Invariants for Electromagnetic Waves
• Cosmological Solutions for the Geometrical Scalar-Tensor with the Potential Determined by the Noether Symmetry Approach
• Gravitational wave pulse and memory effects for hairy Kiselev black hole and its analogy with Bondi-Sachs formalism
• Dynamical Chameleon Neutron Stars: stability, radial oscillations and scalar radiation in spherical symmetry
• Tests of general relativity at the fourth post-Newtonian order
• Gravitational wave from cosmic inflation in a gravity with two small four-derivative corrections
• Influence Through Mixing: Hotspots as Benchmarks for Basic Black-Hole Behaviour
• Data Analysis of Massive Gravitational Waves from Gamma Ray Bursts
• Synergy between ground and space based gravitational wave detectors for estimation of binary coalescence parameters
• Testing the Kerr black hole hypothesis with RELXILL_NK
• Gravitational waves in metric-affine bumblebee gravity
• Fundamental fields around compact objects: Massive spin-2 fields, Superradiant instabilities and Stars with dark matter cores
• Constraining scalar-tensor theories from higher harmonics with GW230529
• Gravitational waves in massive Horndeski theory with a potential
• Observations of General Relativity at strong and weak limits
• Gravitational wave memory in wormhole spacetimes
• $\kappa$-General-Relativity II: An Astrophysical Observable from a 2-Body system
• Quasinormal Modes of Extremal Reissner-Nordstrom Black Holes via Seiberg-Witten Quantization
• Dynamics of a homogeneous and isotropic space in pure cubic f(R) gravity
• Tests of scalar polarizations with multi-messenger events
• Testing general relativity with X-ray reflection spectroscopy of MCG-06-30-15
• Physics Beyond the Standard Model With Pulsar Timing Arrays
• The Unique Blazar OJ 287 and its Massive Binary Black Hole Central Engine
• Fast and Fewrious: Stochastic binary perturbations from fast compact objects
• The initial value problem for gravitational waves in conformal gravity
• Rotation-dependent $I$-Love-$Q$-$\delta M$ relations in perturbation theory