Calibration and sensitivity of the Virgo detector during its second science run

Abstract

The Virgo detector is a kilometer-length interferometer for gravitational wave detection located near Pisa (Italy). During its second science run (VSR2) in 2009, six months of data were accumulated with a sensitivity close to its design. In this paper, the methods used to determine the parameters for sensitivity estimation and gravitational wave reconstruction are described. The main quantities to be calibrated are the frequency response of the mirror actuation and the sensing of the output power. Focus is also put on their absolute timing. The monitoring of the calibration data as well as the parameter estimation with independent techniques are discussed to provide an estimation of the calibration uncertainties. Finally, the estimation of the Virgo sensitivity in the frequency-domain is described and typical sensitivities measured during VSR2 are shown.

30 pages, 23 figures, 1 table. Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (CQG), Corrigendum included

References in corpus (2)

• Sensitivity to Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescences Achieved during LIGO's Fifth and Virgo's First Science Run
• Virgo calibration and reconstruction of the gravitational wave strain during VSR1

Cited by in corpus (72)

• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• The mass ejection from the merger of binary neutron stars
• Gravitational Wave Tests of General Relativity with Ground-Based Detectors and Pulsar Timing Arrays
• A guide to LIGO-Virgo detector noise and extraction of transient gravitational-wave signals
• Remnant massive neutron stars of binary neutron star mergers: Evolution process and gravitational waveform
• The dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers: Radiation-hydrodynamics study in general relativity
• Dynamical mass ejection from the merger of asymmetric binary neutron stars: Radiation-hydrodynamics study in general relativity
• Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Dependence on the Nuclear Equation of State
• Gravitational waves and neutrino emission from the merger of binary neutron stars
• Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Experimental Concepts of Optomechanics
• Efficient magnetic-field amplification due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in binary neutron star mergers
• High resolution numerical-relativity simulations for the merger of binary magnetized neutron stars
• Gravitational Wave Detection by Interferometry (Ground and Space)
• High-resolution magnetohydrodynamics simulation of black hole-neutron star merger: Mass ejection and short gamma-ray burst
• Non-radial oscillations of anisotropic neutron stars in the Cowling approximation
• Coalescence of binary neutron stars in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Gravitational waves from known pulsars: results from the initial detector era
• Gravitational waves from spinning black hole-neutron star binaries: dependence on black hole spins and on neutron star equations of state
• Beating the spin-down limit on gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar
• Parameter estimation for compact binary coalescence signals with the first generation gravitational-wave detector network
• All-sky search for gravitational-wave bursts in the second joint LIGO-Virgo run
• Black hole perturbation in the most general scalar-tensor theory with second-order field equations II: the even-parity sector
• How Gravitational-wave Observations Can Shape the Gamma-ray Burst Paradigm
• Anisotropic mass ejection from black hole-neutron star binaries: Diversity of electromagnetic counterparts
• Measurability of the tidal deformability by gravitational waves from coalescing binary neutron stars
• Search for gravitational waves associated with gamma-ray bursts during LIGO science run 6 and Virgo science runs 2 and 3
• Calibration of the Advanced LIGO detectors for the discovery of the binary black-hole merger GW150914
• Effects of hyperons in binary neutron star mergers
• Search for Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Hole Inspiral, Merger and Ringdown in LIGO-Virgo Data from 2009-2010
• Enrichment of r-process elements in dwarf spheroidal galaxies in chemo-dynamical evolution model
• Sub-radian-accuracy gravitational waveforms of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity
• Ultrarelativistic electromagnetic counterpart to binary neutron star mergers
• Post-merger Mass Ejection of Low-mass Binary Neutron Stars
• Exploring tidal effects of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity
• The characterization of Virgo data and its impact on gravitational-wave searches
• Gravitational waves from remnant massive neutron stars of binary neutron star merger: Viscous hydrodynamics effects
• A hierarchical method for vetoing noise transients in gravitational-wave detectors
• Sensors and Actuators for the Advanced LIGO Mirror Suspensions
• Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts
• Effect of calibration errors on Bayesian parameter estimation for gravitational wave signals from inspiral binary systems in the advanced detectors era
• Exploring tidal effects of coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity II: Longterm simulations
• The NINJA-2 project: Detecting and characterizing gravitational waveforms modelled using numerical binary black hole simulations
• Three dimensional evolution of differentially rotating magnetized neutron stars
• R&D around a photoneutralizer-based NBI system (Siphore) in view of a DEMO Tokamak steady state fusion reactor
• Quasiequilibrium sequences of binary neutron stars undergoing dynamical scalarization
• Gravitational waves, neutrino emissions, and effects of hyperons in binary neutron star mergers
• Quantum Limits of Interferometer Topologies for Gravitational Radiation Detection
• Search for gravitational radiation from intermediate mass black hole binaries in data from the second LIGO-Virgo joint science run
• Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to two bottom quarks in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• First low frequency all-sky search for continuous gravitational wave signals
• The Gravitational Wave Observatory Designer: Sensitivity Limits of Spaceborne Detectors
• Probing Rotation of Core-collapse Supernova with Concurrent Analysis of Gravitational Waves and Neutrinos
• Search for gravitational wave ringdowns from perturbed intermediate mass black holes in LIGO-Virgo data from 2005-2010
• Multivariate Classification with Random Forests for Gravitational Wave Searches of Black Hole Binary Coalescence
• Wiener filtering with a seismic underground array at the Sanford Underground Research Facility
• First Tests of a Newtonian Calibrator on an Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detector
• Passive Newtonian noise suppression for gravitational-wave observatories based on shaping of the local topography
• Testing general relativity with compact coalescing binaries: comparing exact and predictive methods to compute the Bayes factor
• Identification of noise artifacts in searches for long-duration gravitational-wave transients
• Gravitational wave observations of galactic intermediate-mass black hole binaries with DECIGO Path Finder
• Possible dark energy imprints in gravitational wave spectrum of mixed neutron-dark-energy stars
• Pre-merger localization of eccentric compact binary coalescences with second-generation gravitational-wave detector networks
• Line-robust statistics for continuous gravitational waves: safety in the case of unequal detector sensitivities
• Decoding the final state in binary black hole mergers
• On Investigating EMD Parameters to Search for Gravitational Waves
• Reconstruction of the gravitational wave signal $h(t)$ during the Virgo science runs and independent validation with a photon calibrator
• Ballistic orbits in Schwarzschild space-time and gravitational waves from EMR binary mergers
• The balancing act of template bank construction: inspiral waveform template banks for gravitational-wave detectors and optimizations at fixed computational cost
• Calibration of Advanced Virgo and reconstruction of detector strain h(t) during the Observing Run O3
• Statistical Analyses for NANOGrav 5-year Timing Residuals
• Resonant string behavior in a Gravitational Wave burst