Gravitational Wave Polarizations in $f(R)$ Gravity and Scalar-Tensor Theory

Abstract

The detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory opens a new era to use gravitational waves to test alternative theories of gravity. We investigate the polarizations of gravitational waves in $f(R)$ gravity and Horndeski theory, both containing scalar modes. These theories predict that in addition to the familiar $+$ and $\times$ polarizations, there are transverse breathing and longitudinal polarizations excited by the massive scalar mode and the new polarization is a single mixed state. It would be very difficult to detect the longitudinal polarization by interferometers, while pulsar timing array may be the better tool to detect the longitudinal polarization.

10 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the International Conference on Gravitation : Joint Conference of ICGAC-XIII and IK15

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