Extreme mass-ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
arXiv:2307.16093 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.108.084019
Abstract
We study extreme mass-ratio binary systems in which a stellar mass compact object spirals into a supermassive black hole surrounded by a scalar cloud. Scalar clouds can form through superradiant instabilities of massive scalar fields around spinning black holes and can also serve as a proxy for dark matter halos. Our framework is fully relativistic and assumes that the impact of the cloud on the geometry can be treated perturbatively. As a proof of concept, here we consider a point particle in circular, equatorial motion around a non-spinning black hole surrounded either by a spherically symmetric or a dipolar non-axisymmetric scalar cloud, but the framework can in principle be generalized to generic black hole spins and scalar cloud geometries. We compute the leading-order power lost by the point particle due to scalar radiation and show that, in some regimes, it can dominate over gravitational-wave emission. We confirm the presence of striking signatures due to the presence of a scalar cloud that had been predicted using Newtonian approximations, such as resonances that can give rise to sinking and floating orbits, as well as "sharp features" in the power lost by the particle at given orbital radii. Finally, for a spherically symmetric scalar cloud, we also compute the leading-order corrections to the black-hole geometry and to the gravitational-wave energy flux, focusing only on axial metric perturbations for the latter. We find that, for non-compact clouds, the corrections to the (axial) gravitational-wave fluxes at high frequencies can be understood in terms of a gravitational-redshift effect, in agreement with previous works.
arXiv comment42 pages, 11 figures; v4: corrected a factor 2 error in the flux formulas of Sec. IIIB, see Erratum available at https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.109902. Published in Physical Review D
References in corpus (113)
- TianQin: a space-borne gravitational wave detector
- String Axiverse
- Cold and Fuzzy Dark Matter
- Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
- Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
- Geodesic stability, Lyapunov exponents and quasinormal modes
- Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
- Kerr black holes with scalar hair
- Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
- The motion of point particles in curved spacetime
- Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. V: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals
- Exploring the String Axiverse with Precision Black Hole Physics
- Can environmental effects spoil precision gravitational-wave astrophysics?
- Intermediate and Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals -- Astrophysics, Science Applications and Detection using LISA
- Taiji Program: Gravitational-Wave Sources
- Instability of the massive Klein-Gordon field on the Kerr spacetime
- Self-force and radiation reaction in general relativity
- Analytic black hole perturbation approach to gravitational radiation
- Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
- Formation of Solitonic Stars Through Gravitational Cooling
- New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
- Proca Stars: gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates of massive spin 1 particles
- Black Hole Superradiance Signatures of Ultralight Vectors
- Probing Ultralight Bosons with Binary Black Holes
- Superradiant Instability and Backreaction of Massive Vector Fields around Kerr Black Holes
- Kerr black holes with Proca hair
- Gravitational perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime: A practical covariant and gauge-invariant formalism
- Massive spin-2 fields on black hole spacetimes: Instability of the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions and bounds on the graviton mass
- Black holes as particle detectors: evolution of superradiant instabilities
- Superradiant instabilities in astrophysical systems
- Perturbations of slowly rotating black holes: massive vector fields in the Kerr metric
- Black holes in galaxies: environmental impact on gravitational-wave generation and propagation
- Formation and structure of ultralight bosonic dark matter halos
- Into the lair: gravitational-wave signatures of dark matter
- Advanced Methods in Black-Hole Perturbation Theory
- FastEMRIWaveforms: New tools for millihertz gravitational-wave data analysis
- Detecting dark matter around black holes with gravitational waves: Effects of dark-matter dynamics on the gravitational waveform
- The Transition from Inspiral to Plunge for a Compact Body in a Circular Equatorial Orbit Around a Massive, Spinning Black Hole
- Gravitational waves from extreme-mass-ratio systems in astrophysical environments
- The Spectra of Gravitational Atoms
- Gravitational radiation from an axion cloud around a black hole: Superradiant phase
- Massive vector fields on the Schwarzschild spacetime: quasinormal modes and bound states
- Superradiant instabilities of rotating black branes and strings
- Floating and sinking: the imprint of massive scalars around rotating black holes
- Imprint of Accretion Disk-Induced Migration on Gravitational Waves from Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
- A new probe of dark matter properties: gravitational waves from an intermediate mass black hole embedded in a dark matter mini-spike
- Astrophysical signatures of boson stars: quasinormal modes and inspiral resonances
- Gravitational Waves from Quasicircular Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals as Probes of Scalar-Tensor Theories
- Rapid generation of fully relativistic extreme-mass-ratio-inspiral waveform templates for LISA data analysis
- Gravitational waveforms for compact binaries from second-order self-force theory
- Detecting fundamental fields with LISA observations of gravitational waves from extreme mass-ratio inspirals
- Gravitational Collider Physics
- Flat Central Density Profile and Constant DM Surface Density in Galaxies from Scalar Field Dark Matter
- Probing the existence of ultralight bosons with a single gravitational-wave measurement
- Constraints on the astrophysical environment of binaries with gravitational-wave observations
- Gravitational-wave energy flux for compact binaries through second order in the mass ratio
- Disks, spikes, and clouds: distinguishing environmental effects on BBH gravitational waveforms
- Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves: The Next Generation
- Measuring the dark matter environments of black hole binaries with gravitational waves
- Detecting scalar fields with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
- The response of ultralight dark matter to supermassive black holes and binaries
- Schwarzschild black holes can wear scalar wigs
- Ultralight boson cloud depletion in binary systems
- Black hole superradiant instability from ultralight spin-2 fields
- Massive Boson Superradiant Instability of Black Holes: Nonlinear Growth, Saturation, and Gravitational Radiation
- Evolution of gas disc-embedded intermediate mass ratio inspirals in the LISA band
- Black holes surrounded by generic dark matter profiles: appearance and gravitational-wave emission
- Quasinormal ringing of Kerr black holes. II. Excitation by particles falling radially with arbitrary energy
- Instability of the Proca field on Kerr spacetime
- Dynamic Signatures of Black Hole Binaries with Superradiant Clouds
- Quasinormal Modes of Dirty Black Holes
- Kerr black holes with synchronised hair: an analytic model and dynamical formation
- Scalar, Electromagnetic and Gravitational Perturbations of Kerr-Newman Black Holes in the Slow-Rotation Limit
- Perturbations of spinning black holes beyond General Relativity: Modified Teukolsky equation
- Gravitational waves from extreme mass-ratio inspirals in Dynamical Chern-Simons gravity
- Are black holes a serious threat to scalar field dark matter models?
- Sharp Signals of Boson Clouds in Black Hole Binary Inspirals
- Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation
- Orbital fingerprints of ultralight scalar fields around black holes
- Extreme Dark Matter Tests with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
- Low multipole contributions to the gravitational self-force
- Gravitational-wave imprints of compact and galactic-scale environments in extreme-mass-ratio binaries
- Gravitational floating orbits around hairy black holes
- Dynamical Friction in Gravitational Atoms
- Detecting Intermediate-Mass Ratio Inspirals From The Ground And Space
- Comparing second-order gravitational self-force, numerical relativity and effective one body waveforms from inspiralling, quasi-circular and nonspinning black hole binaries
- The universal Teukolsky equations and black hole perturbations in higher-derivative gravity
- Effective stability against superradiance of Kerr black holes with synchronised hair
- The Quasinormal Modes of Weakly Charged Kerr-Newman Spacetimes
- Tidal deformability of dressed black holes and tests of ultralight bosons in extended mass ranges
- Intermediate mass-ratio black hole binaries: Applicability of small mass-ratio perturbation theory
- Detecting massive scalar fields with Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals
- Gauge Problem in the Gravitational Self-Force I. Harmonic Gauge Approach in the Schwarzschild Background
- SuperRad: Modeling the black hole superradiance gravitational waveform
- Priorities in gravitational waveforms for future space-borne detectors: vacuum accuracy or environment?
- Eccentric binary black holes: Comparing numerical relativity and small mass-ratio perturbation theory
- Conserved currents for Kerr and orthogonality of quasinormal modes
- Scalar Hairy Black Holes in Four Dimensions are Unstable
- Termination of Superradiance from a Binary Companion
- Synchronised gravitational atoms from mergers of bosonic stars
- Backreaction of accreting matter onto a black hole in the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates
- Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries -- the effects of backreaction and radiation
- Evolution of binary systems accompanying axion clouds in extreme mass ratio inspirals
- Black hole superradiant instability for massive spin-2 fields
- A bound on energy extraction (and hairiness) from superradiance
- Quasi-normal modes of non-separable perturbation equations: the scalar non-Kerr case
- The quasi normal modes of growing dirty black holes
- Self-gravitating black hole scalar wigs
- Adiabatically compressed wave dark matter halo and intermediate-mass ratio inspirals
- Equatorial extreme-mass-ratio inspirals in Kerr black holes with scalar hair spacetimes
- Reconstruction of Black Hole Metric Perturbations from Weyl Curvature II: The Regge-Wheeler gauge
- Accessing the axion via compact object binaries
- Backreaction of Mass and Angular Momentum Accretion on Black Holes: General Formulation of the Metric Perturbations and Application to the Blandford-Znajek Process
Cited by in corpus (30)
- Extreme mass-ratio inspirals in ultra-light dark matter
- Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
- Signatures of ultralight bosons in the orbital eccentricity of binary black holes
- Relativistic perturbation theory for black-hole boson clouds
- Impact of relativistic waveforms in LISA's science objectives with extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
- Signatures of Ultralight Bosons in Compact Binary Inspiral and Outspiral
- Fully Relativistic Treatment of Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals in Collisionless Environments
- Extreme mass ratio inspirals in rotating dark matter spikes
- Systematics in tests of general relativity using LISA massive black hole binaries
- Probing fundamental physics with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals: a full Bayesian inference for scalar charge
- Extreme mass ratio inspirals in dark matter halos: dynamics and distinguishability of halo models
- Probing the quantum nature of black holes with ultra-light boson environments
- Testing gravity with Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals
- Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals
- Black Holes as Fermion Factories
- Secondary spins of extreme mass ratio inspirals: A probe to the formation channels
- Detecting the massive vector field with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
- Resonant excitation of eccentricity in spherical extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
- Systematic biases from ignoring environmental tidal effects in gravitational wave observations
- Tidal Love numbers of gravitational atoms
- The ringdown of a black hole surrounded by a thin shell of matter
- Dynamical Tidal Response of Non-rotating Black Holes: Connecting the MST Formalism and Worldline EFT
- Fermionic Love of Black Holes in General Relativity
- Analytical model of precessing binaries using post-Newtonian theory in the extreme mass-ratio limit I: General Formalism
- Toward relativistic inspirals into black holes surrounded by matter
- Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
- A multi-parameter expansion for the evolution of asymmetric binaries in astrophysical environments
- Lensing by black holes within astrophysical environments
- Local Group Velocity Distribution inside Superradiant Condensates
- Trails of clouds in binary black holes