Instability of the massive Klein-Gordon field on the Kerr spacetime

Abstract

We investigate the instability of the massive scalar field in the vicinity of a rotating black hole. The instability arises from amplification caused by the classical superradiance effect. The instability affects bound states: solutions to the massive Klein-Gordon equation which tend to zero at infinity. We calculate the spectrum of bound state frequencies on the Kerr background using a continued fraction method, adapted from studies of quasinormal modes. We demonstrate that the instability is most significant for the $l=1$, $m=1$ state, for $M\mu \lesssim 0.5$. For a fast rotating hole ($a=0.99$) we find a maximum growth rate of ${\tau }^{-1}\approx 1.5\times 10^{-7}(GM/c^3{)}^{-1}$, at $M\mu \approx 0.42$. The physical implications are discussed.

Added references. 27 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (2)

• Stability and quasinormal modes of the massive scalar field around Kerr black holes
• Electromagnetic and Gravitational Radiation of Graviatoms

Cited by in corpus (228)

• Can environmental effects spoil precision gravitational-wave astrophysics?
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Wave Dark Matter
• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
• Black holes as particle detectors: evolution of superradiant instabilities
• Superradiant instabilities in astrophysical systems
• Testing the black hole "no-hair" hypothesis
• Stochastic and resolvable gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• Black hole superradiance of self-interacting scalar fields
• Spin-induced black hole spontaneous scalarization
• Kerr-Newman black holes with stationary charged scalar clouds
• Superradiance evolution of black hole shadows revisited
• Disks, spikes, and clouds: distinguishing environmental effects on BBH gravitational waveforms
• Superradiance in String Theory
• Ultralight boson cloud depletion in binary systems
• A first search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons
• Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
• Kerr black holes with synchronised hair: an analytic model and dynamical formation
• Sharp Signals of Boson Clouds in Black Hole Binary Inspirals
• Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
• Stability of highly-charged Reissner-Nordström black holes to charged scalar perturbations
• Cornering the axion with CP-violating interactions
• Modeling and searching for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight vector bosons
• Dynamical formation of a Reissner-Nordström black hole with scalar hair in a cavity
• Black Hole Hair from Scalar Dark Matter
• Quasibound states of Schwarzschild acoustic black holes
• The large-mass limit of cloudy black holes
• Superradiant instability for black holes immersed in a magnetic field
• Spinning Dilaton Black Holes in 2 +1 Dimensions: Quasi-normal Modes and the Area Spectrum
• Gravitational instability of simply rotating AdS black holes in higher dimensions
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals in ultra-light dark matter
• Extremal Kerr-Newman black holes with extremely short charged scalar hair
• Rotating black holes can have short bristles
• Superradiant instability of black holes immersed in a magnetic field
• Pseudospectrum of horizonless compact objects: a bootstrap instability mechanism
• Aspects of Nonlinear Effect on Black Hole Superradiance
• Stringent axion constraints with Event Horizon Telescope polarimetric measurements of M87${}^{\star }$
• Superradiant Instability of Five-Dimensional Rotating Charged AdS Black Holes
• Spin-induced dynamical scalarization, de-scalarization and stealthness in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity during black hole coalescence
• Gravitational waves and higher dimensions: Love numbers and Kaluza-Klein excitations
• Numerical study of superradiant instability for charged stringy black hole-mirror system
• SuperRad: Modeling the black hole superradiance gravitational waveform
• Hints of Modified Gravity in Cosmos and in the Lab?
• Wiggly tails: a gravitational wave signature of massive fields around black holes
• Slowly-rotating curved acoustic black holes: Quasinormal modes, Hawking-Unruh radiation and quasibound states
• Quasinormal modes of massive scalar fields in four-dimensional wormholes: anomalous decay rate
• Superradiant instability of charged massive scalar field in Kerr-Newman-anti-de Sitter black hole
• Quasinormal modes of massive vector fields on the Kerr spacetime
• Relativistic drag forces on black holes from scalar dark matter clouds of all sizes
• Probing ultralight dark matter with future ground-based gravitational-wave detectors
• Superradiant Production of Heavy Dark Matter from Primordial Black Holes
• Marginal scalar and Proca clouds around Reissner-Nordström black holes
• Multiband gravitational-wave searches for ultralight bosons
• Black hole superradiance with (dark) matter accretion
• Testing the ALP-photon coupling with polarization measurements of Sagittarius A*
• Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries -- the effects of backreaction and radiation
• Spin-induced scalarization of Kerr black holes with a massive scalar field
• Photon Ring Astrometry for Superradiant Clouds
• Evolution of binary systems accompanying axion clouds in extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Stationary Charged Scalar Clouds around Black Holes in String Theory
• Probing the string axiverse by gravitational waves from Cygnus X-1
• Signatures of ultralight bosons in the orbital eccentricity of binary black holes
• Object picture of scalar field perturbation on Kerr black hole in scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Superradiant instability of the charged scalar field in stringy black hole mirror system
• Instability of the charged massive scalar field on the Kerr-Newman black hole spacetime
• Using the motion of S2 to constrain scalar clouds around SgrA*
• Constraints on the ultralight scalar boson from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs using the stochastic gravitational-wave background
• Gravitational ringing and superradiant instabilities of the Kerr-like black holes in a dark matter halo
• Black hole superradiant instability for massive spin-2 fields
• Analytic treatment of the system of a Kerr-Newman black hole and a charged massive scalar field
• Anomalous decay rate of quasinormal modes in Reissner-Nordström black holes
• Superradiance in the BTZ black hole with Robin boundary conditions
• Superradiant instability of D-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black hole mirror system
• Superradiant axion clouds around asteroid-mass primordial black holes
• Gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers surrounded by scalar field clouds: Numerical simulations and observational implications
• Superradiance in the sky
• Impact of multiple modes on the evolution of self-interacting axion condensate around rotating black holes
• The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
• Scalar clouds around Kerr-Sen black holes
• Superradiance in Kerr-like black holes
• Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime I: formalism and quasibound states around nonspinning black holes
• Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries
• Superradiance and black hole bomb in five-dimensional minimal ungauged supergravity
• Gravitational perturbations of a Kerr black hole in $f(R)$ gravity
• Quasinormal modes, quasibound states, scalar clouds, and superradiant instabilities of a Kerr-like black hole
• Black hole hairs in scalar-tensor gravity and the lack thereof
• Improved Analytic Solution of Black Hole Superradiance
• Acoustic black-hole bombs and scalar clouds in a photon-fluid model
• Constraining ultralight bosonic dark matter with Keck observations of S2's orbit and kinematics
• Axion clouds may survive the perturbative tidal interaction over the early inspiral phase of black hole binaries
• Methods and prospects for gravitational wave searches targeting ultralight vector boson clouds around known black holes
• Instability and backreaction of massive spin-2 fields around black holes
• Algebraically special resonances of the Kerr-black-hole-mirror bomb
• Superradiance and Stability of Kerr Black Hole Enclosed by Anisotropic Fluid Matter
• Forecasts for Low Spin Black Hole Spectroscopy in Horndeski Gravity
• Stability of black holes with non-minimally coupled scalar hair to the Einstein tensor
• Superradiant instability of the Kerr-like black hole in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
• Lifetime of scalar cloud formation around a rotating regular black hole
• Searching for High Frequency Gravitational Waves with Phonons
• Birefringence Tomography for Axion Cloud
• Black hole accretion discs and screened scalar hair
• Adiabatic evolution of the self-interacting axion field around rotating black holes
• Analytical study of superradiant instability for five-dimensional Kerr-Gödel black hole
• Instability and no-hair paradigm in d-dimensional charged-AdS black holes
• Massive scalar field perturbation on Kerr black holes in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity
• Observational prospects of self-interacting scalar superradiance with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
• Spinning Black Holes with Axion Hair
• Black Hole Superradiance in Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity
• Superradiant Leptogenesis
• Scalar field perturbation around a rotating hairy black hole: quasinormal modes, quasibound states and superradiant instability
• Gravitational atoms in the braneworld scenario
• Self-Interacting Gravitational Atoms in the Strong-Gravity Regime
• Superradiance of massive scalar particles around rotating regular black holes
• Exceptional point and hysteresis in perturbations of Kerr black holes
• Superradiant energy extraction from rotating hairy Horndeski black holes
• Black-hole spectroscopy: quasinormal modes, ringdown stability and the pseudospectrum
• Probing Axions via Light Circular Polarization and Event Horizon Telescope
• Quasinormal Modes, Grebody Factors, and Hawking Radiation Sparsity of Black Holes Influenced by a Global Monopole Charge in Kalb-Ramond Gravity
• Multi-messenger Probes of Asteroid Mass Primordial Black Holes: Superradiance Spectroscopy, Hawking Radiation, and Microlensing
• Onset of superradiant instabilities in the hydrodynamic vortex model
• Superradiance in massive vector fields with spatially varying mass
• Superradiant instability of a charged regular black hole
• Gregory-Laflamme encounters Superradiance
• Scale Invariant Gravity and Black Hole Ringdown
• Massive scalar perturbations in Kerr Black Holes: near extremal analysis
• Near-horizon microstructure and superradiant instability of black holes
• Extremal rotating black holes, scalar perturbation and superradiant stability
• Implication of nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background on ultralight axion particles
• Stringent constraints on the light boson model with supermassive black hole spin measurements
• Superradiant Instability of Magnetic Black Holes
• Phenomenology of the companion-axion model: photon couplings
• The spinning Kerr-black-hole-mirror bomb: A lower bound on the radius of the reflecting mirror
• Imperfect draining vortex as analogue extreme compact object
• Getting More Out of Black Hole Superradiance: a Statistically Rigorous Approach to Ultralight Boson Constraints from Black Hole Spin Measurements
• Imprints of ultralight axions on the gravitational wave and pulsar timing measurement
• Subdominant Modes of Scalar Superradiant Instability and Gravitational Wave Beats
• Analytical Study of a Kerr-Sen Black Hole and a Charged Massive Scalar Field
• Black holes immersed in polytropic scalar field gas
• Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals
• Probing Massive Fields with Multi-Band Gravitational-Wave Observations
• Probing the black holes in a dark matter halo of M87 using gravitational wave echoes
• Black Holes as Fermion Factories
• Gravitational waves from axions annihilation through quantum field theory
• Superradiant instabilities of massive bosons around exotic compact objects
• Superradiance and quasinormal modes of the gravitational perturbation around rotating hairy black hole
• Scalar Perturbation Around Rotating Regular Black Hole: Superradiance Instability and Quasinormal Modes
• Constrains of the axion-like particle from black hole spin superradiance
• Quasibound state reminiscent in de-Sitter black holes: Quasinormal modes and the decay of massive fields
• Black holes and fundamental fields: hair, kicks and a gravitational "Magnus" effect
• Duality between Seiberg-Witten Theory and Black Hole Superradiance
• Massive Scalar Perturbation of Extremal Rotating Braneworld Black hole: Superradiant Stability Analysis
• Next-to-leading-order solution to Kerr-Newman black hole superradiance
• Detecting the massive vector field with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
• Self-interacting scalar field distributions around Schwarzschild black holes
• Boson star superradiance with spinning effects and in time domain
• Superradiant Instability of Extremal Black Holes in STU Supergravity
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Ultralight boson constraints from gravitational wave observations of spinning binary black holes
• Gravitational waves in massive gravity: Waveforms generated by a particle plunging into a black hole and the excitation of quasinormal modes and quasibound states
• Super-radiance and flux conservation
• Superradiance of rotating black holes surrounded by dark matter
• Massive scalar field perturbations of 4D de Sitter Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes
• Methodology for constraining ultralight vector bosons with gravitational wave searches targeting merger remnant black holes
• Complete quasinormal modes of Type-D black holes
• Slowly rotating black holes and their scalarization
• Tidal Love numbers of gravitational atoms
• Black holes and nilmanifolds: quasinormal modes as the fingerprints of extra dimensions?
• Self-interaction effects on the Kerr black hole superradiance and their observational implications
• On the Interaction between Ultralight Bosons and Quantum-Corrected Black Holes
• Charged superradiant instability in a spherical regular black hole
• Black-hole hair from vector dark matter accretion
• Axion Cloud Decay due to the Axion-photon Conversion with Background Magnetic Fields
• Vortices without inflow: bound spectra in horizonless rotational analogs
• Probing Particle Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Scalar tachyonic instabilities in gravitational backgrounds: Existence and growth rate
• Gravitational atoms beyond the test field limit: The case of Sgr A* and ultralight dark matter
• On the Schwarzschild-Anti-de Sitter black hole with an f(R) global monopole
• Marginally stable resonant modes of the polytropic hydrodynamic vortex
• Conditions for superradiant instability of the Kerr-Newman black holes
• Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
• Dark Matter reconstruction from stellar orbits in the Galactic Centre
• Hidden conformal symmetries for black holes in modified gravity
• Evolution and detection of vector superradiant instabilities
• Dynamics of scalar hair with self-interactions around a Schwarzchild black hole
• Revisiting superradiant stability of Kerr-Newman black holes under a charged massive scalar
• Gravitational waves from superradiant instabilities of rotating black holes
• Self-Gravity in Superradiance Clouds: Implications for Binary Dynamics and Observational Prospects
• Stability study of a model for the Klein-Gordon equation in Kerr spacetime
• Extremal Charged Black Holes and Superradiantly Unstable Quasinormal Modes
• Stability of black holes in f(R) gravity
• Overdamped quasibound states inside a Schwarzschild black hole
• Superradiant instability in slowly rotating Kerr-Newman black holes
• Hawking Radiation of Nonrelativistic Scalars: Applications to Pion and Axion Production
• ALP production from light primordial black holes: The role of superradiance
• Scalar field dynamics around black holes: superradiant instabilities and binary evolution
• Co-interacting dark matter and conformally coupled light scalars
• Quasinormal Mode Spectroscopy via Horizon-Brightened Quantum Optics
• Dynamical friction from scalar dark matter in the relativistic regime
• Superradiant dark matter production from primordial black holes: Impact of multiple modes and gravitational wave emission
• Fundamental fields around compact objects: Massive spin-2 fields, Superradiant instabilities and Stars with dark matter cores
• The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Primordial Gravitational Atoms
• Quasibound states of analytic black-hole configurations in three and four dimensions
• Local Group Velocity Distribution inside Superradiant Condensates
• Probing Quantum Gravity in Stellar Spacetimes: Phenomenological Insights
• Scalar Clouds and Quasinormal Modes
• Scalarization and superradiant instability of black hole induced by dark matter halo in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Nonlinear Evolution of unstable Charged de Sitter Black Holes with Hyperboloidal Formalism
• Renormalization group analysis of superradiant growth of self-interacting axion cloud
• Boson Cloud Atlas: Direct mass measurements of superradiance clouds near black holes
• Stable long-term evolution in numerical relativity
• Stability study of a model for the Klein-Gordon equation in Kerr space-time II
• Linear stability of charged warm holes
• Spin-Induced Nonlinear Scalarization of Kerr Black Holes in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Acoustic horizons and the Hawking effect in polariton fluids of light
• Charged black holes in de Sitter space: superradiant amplification of charged scalar waves and resonant hyperradiation
• The Role of the Schwinger Effect in Superradiant Axion Lasers
• Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime II: collisions, thermal corrections, and superradiant instabilities
• On the effect of scalar fields on Hawking radiation and quasinormal modes of black holes
• Charged Superradiant Instability of Spherically Symmetric Regular Black Holes in de Sitter Spacetime: Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis
• Ring formation from black hole superradiance through repeated particle production on bound orbits
• Superradiance and Quasinormal Modes of Massive Scalar Fields around Kerr Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion Theory with Perfect Fluid Dark Matter
• Spacetime of rotating black holes surrounded by massive scalar charges
• Relativistic frequency shifts in gravitational waves from axion clouds
• Exact Regions of Superradiant Instability of Kerr-Newman Black Holes and Massive Scalar Fields
• Trails of clouds in binary black holes
• Effect of accretion on scalar superradiant instability