Axion clouds may survive the perturbative tidal interaction over the early inspiral phase of black hole binaries

Abstract

Gravitational wave observation has the potential of probing ultralight bosonic fields such as axion. Axion forms a cloud around a rotating black hole (BH) by superradiant instability and should affect the gravitational waveform from binary BHs. On the other hand, considering the cloud associated with a BH in a binary system, tidal interaction depletes the cloud in some cases during the inspiral phase. We made the exhaustive study of cloud depletion numerically in a wide parameter range for equal mass binaries, assuming only the quadrupolar tidal perturbation is at work. We found that clouds can avoid disappearing due to the tidal effect only when $l=1$ mode is the fastest growing mode and when the binary orbit is counter-rotating in the non-relativistic parameter region.

arXiv comment15 pages, 4 figures

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• SuperRad: Modeling the black hole superradiance gravitational waveform
• Black hole merger simulations in wave dark matter environments
• Termination of Superradiance from a Binary Companion
• Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries -- the effects of backreaction and radiation
• Evolution of binary systems accompanying axion clouds in extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Impact of multiple modes on the evolution of self-interacting axion condensate around rotating black holes
• Signatures of Ultralight Bosons in Compact Binary Inspiral and Outspiral
• Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries II: Fine and Hyperfine Structures are Favored
• Probing the quantum nature of black holes with ultra-light boson environments
• Axion Cloud Decay due to the Axion-photon Conversion with Background Magnetic Fields