Gravitational Collider Physics

Abstract

We study the imprints of new ultralight particles on the gravitational-wave signals emitted by binary black holes. Superradiant instabilities may create large clouds of scalar or vector fields around rotating black holes. The presence of a binary companion then induces transitions between different states of the cloud, which become resonantly enhanced when the orbital frequency matches the energy gap between the states. We find that the time dependence of the orbit significantly impacts the cloud's dynamics during a transition. Following an analogy with particle colliders, we introduce an S-matrix formalism to describe the evolution through multiple resonances. We show that the state of the cloud, as it approaches the merger, carries vital information about its spectrum via time-dependent finite-size effects. Moreover, due to the transfer of energy and angular momentum between the cloud and the orbit, a dephasing of the gravitational-wave signal can occur which is correlated with the positions of the resonances. Notably, for intermediate and extreme mass ratio inspirals, long-lived floating orbits are possible, as well as kicks that yield large eccentricities. Observing these effects, through the precise reconstruction of waveforms, has the potential to unravel the internal structure of the boson clouds, ultimately probing the masses and spins of new particles.

49+14 pages, 19 Figures

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• Ultra-Light Dark Matter
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• Conservative Tidal Effects in Compact Binary Systems to Next-to-Leading Post-Minkowskian Order
• Spin Effects in the Effective Field Theory Approach to Post-Minkowskian Conservative Dynamics
• Ionization of Gravitational Atoms
• Disks, spikes, and clouds: distinguishing environmental effects on BBH gravitational waveforms
• Interpreting Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Describing the Binary Neutron Star Dynamics, Modelling Gravitational Waveforms, and Analyzing Detections
• The response of ultralight dark matter to supermassive black holes and binaries
• Superradiance in String Theory
• Black hole superradiant instability from ultralight spin-2 fields
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
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• Gravitational radiation from inspiralling compact objects: Spin effects to fourth Post-Newtonian order
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
• Dynamical Friction in Gravitational Atoms
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals in ultra-light dark matter
• Tidal deformability of dressed black holes and tests of ultralight bosons in extended mass ranges
• Gravitational radiation from inspiralling compact objects: Spin-spin effects completed at the next-to-leading post-Newtonian order
• The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields
• Searching for ultralight bosons within spin measurements of a population of binary black hole mergers
• Gravitational Bremsstrahlung with tidal effects in the post-Minkowskian expansion
• Electromagnetic Signatures of Dark Photon Superradiance
• The effect of wave dark matter on equal mass black hole mergers
• Termination of Superradiance from a Binary Companion
• The tune of the universe: the role of plasma in tests of strong-field gravity
• Tidal effects and disruption in superradiant clouds: a numerical investigation
• Multiband gravitational-wave searches for ultralight bosons
• Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries -- the effects of backreaction and radiation
• Evolution of binary systems accompanying axion clouds in extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Photon Ring Astrometry for Superradiant Clouds
• Signatures of ultralight bosons in the orbital eccentricity of binary black holes
• Relativistic perturbation theory for black-hole boson clouds
• Black hole superradiant instability for massive spin-2 fields
• Angular Momentum Loss Due to Tidal Effects in the Post-Minkowskian Expansion
• Impact of multiple modes on the evolution of self-interacting axion condensate around rotating black holes
• Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries
• Impact of relativistic waveforms in LISA's science objectives with extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Axion clouds may survive the perturbative tidal interaction over the early inspiral phase of black hole binaries
• Searching for Ultra-light Bosons and Constraining Black Hole Spin Distributions with Stellar Tidal Disruption Events
• Evolution of black hole shadows from superradiance
• Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries II: Fine and Hyperfine Structures are Favored
• Signatures of Ultralight Bosons in Compact Binary Inspiral and Outspiral
• Searching for General Binary Inspirals with Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• Evolution of diffuse scalar clouds around binary black holes
• Accessing the axion via compact object binaries
• Massive vector fields in Kerr--Newman and Kerr--Sen black hole spacetimes
• Superradiant clouds may be relevant for close compact object binaries
• Gravitational atoms in the braneworld scenario
• Self-Interacting Gravitational Atoms in the Strong-Gravity Regime
• All plus four point (A)dS graviton function using generalized on-shell recursion relation
• Detecting Fundamental Vector Fields with LISA
• Probing Ultralight Bosons with Compact Eccentric Binaries
• Detectability of Primordial Black Hole Binaries at High Redshift
• Probing the quantum nature of black holes with ultra-light boson environments
• High-quality axions in a class of chiral $U(1)$ gauge theories
• The imprint of superradiance on hierarchical black hole mergers
• Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals
• Constrains of the axion-like particle from black hole spin superradiance
• Search for continuous gravitational wave signals from luminous dark photon superradiance clouds with LVK O3 observations
• Piercing of a solitonic boson star by a black hole
• Tidal Love numbers of gravitational atoms
• Common Envelope Evolution of Ultralight Boson Clouds
• Probing Particle Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Axion Cloud Decay due to the Axion-photon Conversion with Background Magnetic Fields
• Field excitation in fuzzy dark matter near a strong gravitational wave source
• Gravitational waves from superradiant instabilities of rotating black holes
• Self-Gravity in Superradiance Clouds: Implications for Binary Dynamics and Observational Prospects
• Gravitational Atoms from Topological Stars
• Probing Boson Clouds with Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Gravitational Waves from Superradiant Cloud Level Transition
• Superradiant instability of area quantized Kerr black hole with discrete reflectivity
• Challenging theories of gravitation: dark matter, compact objects and gravitational waves
• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole
• Relativistic frequency shifts in gravitational waves from axion clouds
• Trails of clouds in binary black holes
• Axion halo around a binary system of dwarf stars
• Ring formation from black hole superradiance through repeated particle production on bound orbits