Relativistic perturbation theory for black-hole boson clouds

Abstract

We develop a relativistic perturbation theory for scalar clouds around rotating black holes. We first introduce a relativistic product and corresponding orthogonality relation between modes, extending a recent result for gravitational perturbations. We then derive the analog of time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum mechanics, and apply it to calculate self-gravitational frequency shifts. This approach supersedes the non-relativistic "gravitational atom" approximation, brings close agreement with numerical relativity, and has practical applications for gravitational-wave astronomy.

7+4 pages, 2+1 figures. v2: improved derivation of the main result, including two new appendices, and other minor changes. matches version accepted for publication in PRL

References in corpus (22)

• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• Stochastic and resolvable gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns
• Nonlinear effects in black hole ringdown
• Bosenova collapse of axion cloud around a rotating black hole
• Quasinormal ringing of Kerr black holes: The excitation factors
• Agnostic black hole spectroscopy: Quasinormal mode content of numerical relativity waveforms and limits of validity of linear perturbation theory
• Stability and quasinormal modes of the massive scalar field around Kerr black holes
• Disks, spikes, and clouds: distinguishing environmental effects on BBH gravitational waveforms
• Ultralight boson cloud depletion in binary systems
• Gravitational wave signatures of ultralight vector bosons from black hole superradiance
• Sharp Signals of Boson Clouds in Black Hole Binary Inspirals
• Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation
• Maxwell's Equations in the Myers-Perry Geometry
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
• Dynamical Friction in Gravitational Atoms
• The Quasinormal Modes of Weakly Charged Kerr-Newman Spacetimes
• Role of black hole quasinormal mode overtones for ringdown analysis
• SuperRad: Modeling the black hole superradiance gravitational waveform
• Conserved currents for Kerr and orthogonality of quasinormal modes
• Termination of Superradiance from a Binary Companion
• Quasinormal Modes Beyond Kerr

Cited by in corpus (16)

• The excitation of quadratic quasinormal modes for Kerr black holes
• Signatures of ultralight bosons in the orbital eccentricity of binary black holes
• Shadow of slowly rotating Kalb-Ramond black holes
• Gravitational atoms in the braneworld scenario
• Superradiant instability of a charged regular black hole
• Dynamical quasinormal mode excitation
• Self-Gravity Effects of Ultralight Boson Clouds Formed by Black Hole Superradiance
• Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals
• Self-interaction effects on the Kerr black hole superradiance and their observational implications
• QNM orthogonality relations for AdS black holes
• Lensing by black holes within astrophysical environments
• Superradiant instability of area quantized Kerr black hole with discrete reflectivity
• Natural polynomials for Kerr quasi-normal modes
• Preliminary forecasting constraint on scalar charge with LISA in non-vacuum environments
• Relativistic frequency shifts in gravitational waves from axion clouds
• Trails of clouds in binary black holes