Dynamical quasinormal mode excitation
arXiv:2506.21668 · doi:10.1103/bgjv-lvyd
Abstract
We study the dynamical excitation of quasinormal modes (QNMs) through the plunge, merger and ringdown of an extreme-mass-ratio-inspiral into a Schwarzschild black hole, for generic orbital configurations. We work out the QNM causality condition, crucial to eliminate amplitude divergences and to incorporate horizon redshift effects. We then use it to derive a model of the time-dependent QNM excitation via a Green's function approach, driven by the point-particle source on a given trajectory. Our model predicts that: i) QNMs propagates along hyperboloidal slices in the minimal gauge; ii) the signal is composed of an ``activation'' term, depending on the source past history, and a local ``impulsive'' term; iii) amplitudes grow in time in an ``activation function'' fashion, and the waveform displays a stationary ringdown regime at times after its peak; iv) at these late times, an infinite tower of non-oscillatory, exponentially-damped terms appear: the redshift terms. The model is in good agreement with numerical solutions, capturing the main waveform features after the peak. Additional components of the Green's function are required to complement the QNM description and reproduce the plunge-merger waveform. We predict the late-time, stationary amplitude of the quadrupolar mode as a function of eccentricity, in agreement with accurate numerical solutions, marking the first time that QNM amplitudes are predicted for generic binary configurations. Our work provides a first solid step towards analytically modeling the inspiral's imprint onto ringdown signals, generalizable to include higher orders in the mass ratio, black hole spin, non-vacuum configurations and corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action.
37 pages, 12+4 figures, 1 table
References in corpus (81)
- Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
- Advanced LIGO
- Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes
- GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
- Evolution of Binary Black Hole Spacetimes
- Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations
- Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
- The observational evidence for horizons: from echoes to precision gravitational-wave physics
- Tests for the existence of horizons through gravitational wave echoes
- Improved resummation of post-Newtonian multipolar waveforms from circularized compact binaries
- Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3
- Black holes in galaxies: environmental impact on gravitational-wave generation and propagation
- Faithful Effective-One-Body waveforms of small-mass-ratio coalescing black-hole binaries
- Modeling Ringdown: Beyond the Fundamental Quasi-Normal Modes
- Gauge-invariant Non-spherical Metric Perturbations of Schwarzschild Black-Hole Spacetimes
- A faithful analytical effective one body waveform model for spin-aligned, moderately eccentric, coalescing black hole binaries
- Laying the foundation of the effective-one-body waveform models SEOBNRv5: improved accuracy and efficiency for spinning non-precessing binary black holes
- Quasinormal ringing of Kerr black holes: The excitation factors
- Agnostic black hole spectroscopy: Quasinormal mode content of numerical relativity waveforms and limits of validity of linear perturbation theory
- Black-hole hair loss: learning about binary progenitors from ringdown signals
- A multipolar effective one body waveform model for spin-aligned black hole binaries
- Black Hole Spectroscopy: Systematic Errors and Ringdown Energy Estimates
- Adiabatic waveforms for extreme mass-ratio inspirals via multivoice decomposition in time and frequency
- Tests of General Relativity with GWTC-3
- Binary black hole merger in the extreme mass ratio limit
- Mergers of nonspinning black-hole binaries: Gravitational radiation characteristics
- Is black-hole ringdown a memory of its progenitor?
- A geometric framework for black hole perturbations
- Mixing of spherical and spheroidal modes in perturbed Kerr black holes
- On quasinormal modes of asymptotically anti-de Sitter black holes
- Empirical tests of the black hole no-hair conjecture using gravitational-wave observations
- Quasinormal ringing of Kerr black holes. II. Excitation by particles falling radially with arbitrary energy
- Binary black hole merger in the extreme-mass-ratio limit: a multipolar analysis
- Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation
- Modeling multipolar gravitational-wave emission from small mass-ratio mergers
- Extracting linear and nonlinear quasinormal modes from black hole merger simulations
- A new analytic representation of the ringdown waveform of coalescing spinning black hole binaries
- Binary black hole coalescence in the large-mass-ratio limit: the hyperboloidal layer method and waveforms at null infinity
- Generation and propagation of nonlinear quasi-normal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole
- Spectral decomposition of black-hole perturbations on hyperboloidal slices
- Nonlinear studies of binary black hole mergers in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
- Effective one-body model for extreme-mass-ratio spinning binaries on eccentric equatorial orbits: testing radiation reaction and waveform
- Role of black hole quasinormal mode overtones for ringdown analysis
- Exciting black hole modes via misaligned coalescences: II. The mode content of late-time coalescence waveforms
- Hyperboloidal slicing approach to quasi-normal mode expansions: the Reissner-Nordström case
- Modeling ringdown II: non-precessing binary black holes
- Learning about black hole binaries from their ringdown spectra
- Faithful effective-one-body waveform of small-mass-ratio coalescing black hole binaries: the eccentric, nonspinning, case
- Hyperboloidal approach for static spherically symmetric spacetimes: a didactical introduction and applications in black-hole physics
- Conserved currents for Kerr and orthogonality of quasinormal modes
- Modal Expansion of the Scattered Field: Causality, Non-Divergence and Non-Resonant Contribution
- Modelling self-consistently beyond General Relativity
- Ringdown of a dynamical spacetime
- Challenges in Quasinormal Mode Extraction: Perspectives from Numerical solutions to the Teukolsky Equation
- Intermediate behavior of Kerr tails
- Gravitational Radiation from Plunging Orbits - Perturbative Study -
- Comparison of post-Newtonian mode amplitudes with numerical relativity simulations of binary black holes
- Unveiling the merger structure of black hole binaries in generic planar orbits
- Relativistic perturbation theory for black-hole boson clouds
- Cosmography with next-generation gravitational wave detectors
- Inspiral-inherited ringdown tails
- Black hole binary inspiral: Analysis of the plunge
- Investigating the relation between gravitational wave tests of general relativity
- Ringdown amplitudes of nonspinning eccentric binaries
- Post-ISCO Ringdown Amplitudes in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral
- Numerical-relativity validation of effective-one-body waveforms in the intermediate-mass-ratio regime
- Hyperboloidal Approach to Quasinormal Modes
- Completeness and divergence-free behavior of the quasi-normal modes using causality principle
- Flexible mapping of ringdown amplitudes for nonprecessing binary black holes
- Perturbations of the Vaidya metric in the frequency domain: Quasi-normal modes and tidal response
- An alternative description of gravitational radiation from black holes based on the Regge poles of the -matrix and the associated residues
- New Generic Ringdown Frequencies at the Birth of a Kerr Black Hole
- High-Precision Ringdown Surrogate Model for Non-Precessing Binary Black Holes
- Nonlinear effect of absorption on the ringdown of a spinning black hole
- Quasi-normal mode expansions of black hole perturbations: a hyperboloidal Keldysh's approach
- Ringdown mode amplitudes of precessing binary black holes
- Late-time tails in nonlinear evolutions of merging black holes
- Merging black holes with Cauchy-characteristic matching: Computation of late-time tails
- Real modes and null memory contributions in effective-one-body models
- The Critical Role of LIGO-India in the Era of Next-Generation Observatories
- The ringdown of a black hole surrounded by a thin shell of matter