Tidal deformability of dressed black holes and tests of ultralight bosons in extended mass ranges

Abstract

The deformability of a compact object under the presence of a tidal perturbation is encoded in the tidal Love numbers (TLNs), which vanish for isolated black holes in vacuum. We show that the TLNs of black holes surrounded by matter fields do not vanish and can be used to probe the environment around binary black holes. In particular, we compute the TLNs for the case of a black hole surrounded by a scalar condensate under the presence of scalar and vector tidal perturbations, finding a strong power-law behavior of the TLN in terms of the mass of the scalar field. Using this result as a proxy for gravitational tidal perturbations, we show that future gravitational-wave detectors like the Einstein Telescope and LISA can impose stringent constraints on the mass of ultralight bosons that condensate around black holes due to accretion or superradiance. Interestingly, LISA could measure the tidal deformability of dressed black holes across the range from stellar-mass ($\approx 10^2{M}_{\odot }$) to supermassive ($\approx 10^7{M}_{\odot }$) objects, providing a measurement of the mass of ultralight bosons in the range $(10^{-17}-10^{-13})\mathrm{eV}$ with less than $10\%$ accuracy, thus filling the gap between other superradiance-driven constraints coming from terrestrial and space interferometers. Altogether, LISA and Einstein Telescope can probe tidal effects from dressed black holes in the combined mass range $(10^{-17}-10^{-11})\mathrm{eV}$.

17 pages, 5 figures. v2: matching published version

References in corpus (43)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
• Constraining neutron star tidal Love numbers with gravitational wave detectors
• Relativistic theory of tidal Love numbers
• Comparison of post-Newtonian templates for compact binary inspiral signals in gravitational-wave detectors
• Use and Abuse of the Fisher Information Matrix in the Assessment of Gravitational-Wave Parameter-Estimation Prospects
• Can environmental effects spoil precision gravitational-wave astrophysics?
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections
• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• Post-1-Newtonian tidal effects in the gravitational waveform from binary inspirals
• Black holes as particle detectors: evolution of superradiant instabilities
• Neutron star tidal deformability and equation of state constraints
• Stochastic and resolvable gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• No-hair theorem for Black Holes in Astrophysical Environments
• Tidal Deformation and Dissipation of Rotating Black Holes
• Spinning Black Holes Fall in Love
• Analytic modelling of tidal effects in the relativistic inspiral of binary neutron stars
• Tidal Love Numbers of Kerr Black Holes
• On the Vanishing of Love Numbers for Kerr Black Holes
• The Tune of Love and the Nature(ness) of Spacetime
• Static response and Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
• Interpreting Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Describing the Binary Neutron Star Dynamics, Modelling Gravitational Waveforms, and Analyzing Detections
• Ultralight boson cloud depletion in binary systems
• Hidden Symmetry of Vanishing Love
• A first search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons
• Ladder Symmetries of Black Holes: Implications for Love Numbers and No-Hair Theorems
• Effective-one-body multipolar waveform for tidally interacting binary neutron stars up to merger
• Detectable environmental effects in GW190521-like black-hole binaries with LISA
• Tidal effects in the gravitational-wave phase evolution of compact binary systems to next-to-next-to-leading post-Newtonian order
• Modeling and searching for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight vector bosons
• Gravitomagnetic response of an irrotational body to an applied tidal field
• Gravitational waves and higher dimensions: Love numbers and Kaluza-Klein excitations
• Probing the equation of state of neutron star matter with gravitational waves from binary inspirals in light of GW170817: a brief review
• Probing ultralight dark matter with future ground-based gravitational-wave detectors
• Multiband gravitational-wave searches for ultralight bosons
• The quasi normal modes of growing dirty black holes
• Ultralight Bosonic Field Mass Bounds from Astrophysical Black Hole Spin
• Axion clouds may survive the perturbative tidal interaction over the early inspiral phase of black hole binaries
• Accreting Black Holes
• Hidden symmetry between rotational tidal Love numbers of spinning neutron stars

Cited by in corpus (37)

• New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
• Modelling frequency-dependent tidal deformability for environmental black-hole mergers
• How to assess the primordial origin of single gravitational-wave events with mass, spin, eccentricity, and deformability measurements
• Non-linearities in the tidal Love numbers of black holes
• Tidal response from scattering and the role of analytic continuation
• The effect of wave dark matter on equal mass black hole mergers
• Vanishing Love of Black Holes in General Relativity: From Spacetime Conformal Symmetry of a Two-dimensional Reduced Geometry
• Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries -- the effects of backreaction and radiation
• Evolution of binary systems accompanying axion clouds in extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Photon Ring Astrometry for Superradiant Clouds
• Black hole superradiant instability for massive spin-2 fields
• Exploring Ladder Symmetry and Love Numbers for Static and Rotating Black Holes
• Exotic Compact Objects: The Dark White Dwarf
• Tidal deformations of a binary system induced by an external Kerr black hole
• Improved Analytic Solution of Black Hole Superradiance
• Bayesian parameter estimation on boson-star binary signals with a coherent inspiral template and spin-dependent quadrupolar corrections
• Tidal Love Numbers from EFT of Black Hole Perturbations with Timelike Scalar Profile
• Tidal Love numbers and approximate universal relations for fermion soliton stars
• Gravitational waves from binary black holes in a self-interacting scalar dark matter cloud
• Self-Interacting Gravitational Atoms in the Strong-Gravity Regime
• Impact of ringdown higher-order modes on black-hole mergers in dense environments: the scalar field case, detectability and parameter biases
• Probing Axions via Light Circular Polarization and Event Horizon Telescope
• Dark Stars and Gravitational Waves: Topical Review
• Gravitational wave constraints on extended dark matter structures
• Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals
• Cosmology and nuclear-physics implications of a subsolar gravitational-wave event
• Resonant excitation of eccentricity in spherical extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Systematic biases from ignoring environmental tidal effects in gravitational wave observations
• Tidal Love numbers of gravitational atoms
• Fermionic Love of Black Holes in General Relativity
• Parametrized Tidal Dissipation Numbers of Non-rotating Black Holes
• Common Envelope Evolution of Ultralight Boson Clouds
• Dynamical Tidal Response of Non-rotating Black Holes: Connecting the MST Formalism and Worldline EFT
• Frequency shift of light emitted from growing and shrinking black holes
• Extremal Love: tidal/electromagnetic deformability, logarithmic running and the weak gravity conjecture