The imprint of superradiance on hierarchical black hole mergers

Abstract

Ultralight bosons are a proposed solution to outstanding problems in cosmology and particle physics: they provide a dark-matter candidate while potentially explaining the strong charge-parity problem. If they exist, ultralight bosons can interact with black holes through the superradiant instability. In this work we explore the consequences of this instability on the evolution of hierarchical black holes within dense stellar clusters. By reducing the spin of individual black holes, superradiance reduce the recoil velocity of merging binary black holes, which, in turn, increases the retention fraction of hierarchical merger remnants. We show that the existence of ultralight bosons with mass $2\times 10^{-14}\lesssim \mu /\text{eV}\lesssim 2\times 10^{-13}$ would lead to an increased rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in nuclear star clusters. An ultralight boson in this energy range would result in up to $\approx 60\%$ more present-day nuclear star clusters supporting hierarchical growth. The presence of an ultralight boson can also double the rate of intermediate mass black hole mergers to $\approx 0.08$\,Gpc${}^{-3}$\,yr${}^{-1}$ in the local Universe. These results imply that a select range of ultralight boson mass can have far-reaching consequences for the population of black holes in dense stellar environments. Future studies into black hole cluster populations and the spin distribution of hierarchically formed black holes will test this scenario.

arXiv comment20 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (140)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
• String Axiverse
• Cold and Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III
• A statistical study of 233 pulsar proper motions
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Characterization of the LIGO detectors during their sixth science run
• Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
• Massive Gravity
• Theoretical Aspects of Massive Gravity
• Common Envelope Evolution: Where we stand and how we can move forward
• The Low-Energy Frontier of Particle Physics
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• The runaway growth of intermediate-mass black holes in dense star clusters
• GW190412: Observation of a Binary-Black-Hole Coalescence with Asymmetric Masses
• Exploring the String Axiverse with Precision Black Hole Physics
• Black hole mergers in the universe
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• A new route towards merging massive black holes
• Binary Black Hole Mergers from Globular Clusters: Masses, Merger Rates, and the Impact of Stellar Evolution
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Theoretical Black Hole Mass Distributions
• Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries
• Large Merger Recoils and Spin Flips From Generic Black-Hole Binaries
• The dynamical evolution of massive black hole binaries - I. Hardening in a fixed stellar background
• Maximum gravitational recoil
• Production of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters
• Pair-Instability Supernovae, Gravity Waves, and Gamma-Ray Transients
• Total recoil: the maximum kick from nonspinning black-hole binary inspiral
• Mean proper motions, space orbits and velocity dispersion profiles of Galactic globular clusters derived from Gaia DR2 data
• Double Compact Objects II: Cosmological Merger Rates
• Binary Black Hole Mergers from Globular Clusters: Implications for Advanced LIGO
• The chemically homogeneous evolutionary channel for binary black hole mergers: rates and properties of gravitational-wave events detectable by advanced LIGO
• Merging black hole binaries in galactic nuclei: implications for advanced-LIGO detections
• The Effect of Pair-Instability Mass Loss on Black Hole Mergers
• Consequences of gravitational radiation recoil
• Supermassive recoil velocities for binary black-hole mergers with antialigned spins
• The Mass of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1
• Spinning-black-hole binaries: The orbital hang up
• The progenitors of compact-object binaries: impact of metallicity, common envelope and natal kicks
• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• Very massive stars, pair-instability supernovae and intermediate-mass black holes with the SEVN code
• Black Holes: The Next Generation -- Repeated Mergers in Dense Star Clusters and their Gravitational-Wave Properties
• Most Black Holes are Born Very Slowly Rotating
• One Channel to Rule Them All? Constraining the Origins of Binary Black Holes using Multiple Formation Pathways
• GW190521: orbital eccentricity and signatures of dynamical formation in a binary black hole merger signal
• Black Hole Superradiance Signatures of Ultralight Vectors
• Lidov-Kozai Cycles with Gravitational Radiation: Merging Black Holes in Isolated Triple Systems
• Probing Ultralight Bosons with Binary Black Holes
• The effect of the metallicity-specific star formation history on double compact object mergers
• Massive spin-2 fields on black hole spacetimes: Instability of the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions and bounds on the graviton mass
• The Dynamical Evolution of Stellar Black Holes in Globular Clusters
• Black Hole Mergers in Galactic Nuclei Induced by the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect
• Post-Newtonian Dynamics in Dense Star Clusters: Highly-Eccentric, Highly-Spinning, and Repeated Binary Black Hole Mergers
• Post-Newtonian Dynamics in Dense Star Clusters: Formation, Masses, and Merger Rates of Highly-Eccentric Black Hole Binaries
• Black Hole Mergers and the QCD Axion at Advanced LIGO
• Measuring the binary black hole mass spectrum with an astrophysically motivated parameterization
• Perturbations of slowly rotating black holes: massive vector fields in the Kerr metric
• Stochastic and resolvable gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• The Luminosity, Stellar Mass, and Number Density Evolution of Field Galaxies of Known Morphology from z = 0.5 - 3
• Black hole superradiance of self-interacting scalar fields
• Black hole growth through hierarchical black hole mergers in dense star clusters: implications for gravitational wave detections
• The Coincidence of Nuclear Star Clusters and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dynamical evolution of black hole sub-systems in idealised star clusters
• The Trigonometric Parallax of Cygnus X-1
• Modeling Dense Star Clusters in the Milky Way and Beyond with the $\text{CMC}$ Cluster Catalog
• The many faces of superradiance
• Predicting the direction of the final spin from the coalescence of two black holes
• The Evolution of Binary Fractions in Globular Clusters
• Ultra Light Boson Dark Matter and Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87*
• Hangup Kicks: Still Larger Recoils by Partial Spin/Orbit Alignment of Black-Hole Binaries
• Exploring black hole superkicks
• Masses and Scaling Relations for Nuclear Star Clusters, and their Coexistence with Central Black Holes
• Compact Binaries in Star Clusters I - Black Hole Binaries Inside Globular Clusters
• Gravitational Recoil From Accretion-Aligned Black-Hole Binaries
• Gravitational radiation from an axion cloud around a black hole: Superradiant phase
• Black hole mergers from an evolving population of globular clusters
• Co-evolution of nuclear star clusters, massive black holes and their host galaxies
• Greatly enhanced merger rates of compact-object binaries in non-spherical nuclear star clusters
• The Kerr Metric
• The life cycle of star cluster in a tidal field
• Mergers of Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Nuclear Star Clusters
• On the rate of black hole binary mergers in galactic nuclei due to dynamical hardening
• The impact of pair-instability mass loss on the binary black hole mass distribution
• Evidence for hierarchical black hole mergers in the second LIGO--Virgo gravitational-wave catalog
• Populating the upper black hole mass gap through stellar collisions in young star clusters
• Dynamical formation signatures of black hole binaries in the first detected mergers by LIGO
• On the mass radiated by coalescing black-hole binaries
• High-accuracy mass, spin, and recoil predictions of generic black-hole merger remnants
• Gravitational Collider Physics
• Nearby Early-Type Galactic Nuclei at High Resolution: Dynamical Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster Mass Measurements
• Superradiant instability of massive vector fields around spinning black holes in the relativistic regime
• Direct constraints on ultra-light boson mass from searches for continuous gravitational waves
• Further insight into gravitational recoil
• Close encounters in young stellar clusters: implications for planetary systems in the solar neighbourhood
• The Role of the Kozai-Lidov Mechanism in Black Hole Binary Mergers in Galactic Centers
• Black Hole Binaries Dynamically Formed in Globular Clusters
• A consistent estimate for Gravitational Wave and Electromagnetic transient rates
• Joint constraints on the field-cluster mixing fraction, common envelope efficiency, and globular cluster radii from a population of binary hole mergers via deep learning
• Accuracy Requirements for Empirically-Measured Selection Functions
• Massive Vector Fields in Rotating Black-Hole Spacetimes: Separability and Quasinormal Modes
• The cosmic merger rate density evolution of compact binaries formed in young star clusters and in isolated binaries
• Gravitational wave sources from inspiralling globular clusters in the Galactic Centre and similar environments
• Directed searches for gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• Gravitational wave signatures of ultralight vector bosons from black hole superradiance
• Characterizing the continuous gravitational-wave signal from boson clouds around Galactic isolated black holes
• Ultralight boson cloud depletion in binary systems
• Black hole superradiant instability from ultralight spin-2 fields
• Ratios of star cluster core and half-mass radii: a cautionary note on intermediate-mass black holes in star clusters
• A first search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons
• How initial size governs core collapse in globular clusters
• Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
• PRECESSION: Dynamics of spinning black-hole binaries with python
• Dynamic Signatures of Black Hole Binaries with Superradiant Clouds
• Search for ultralight bosons in Cygnus X-1 with Advanced LIGO
• Nonlinear Gravitational Recoil from the Mergers of Precessing Black-Hole Binaries
• Gravitational floating orbits around hairy black holes
• Modeling and searching for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight vector bosons
• Extracting the Gravitational Recoil from Black Hole Merger Signals
• Statistical studies of Spinning Black-Hole Binaries
• GW190412 as a Third-Generation Black Hole Merger from a Super Star Cluster
• You Can't Always Get What You Want: The Impact of Prior Assumptions on Interpreting GW190412
• Mass and rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters
• Sensitivity improvements in the search for periodic gravitational waves using O1 LIGO data
• A prescription and fast code for the long-term evolution of star clusters
• Searching for ultralight bosons within spin measurements of a population of binary black hole mergers
• The Size Scale of Star Clusters
• Eccentricity Estimate for Black Hole Mergers with Numerical Relativity Simulations
• Astrophysical implications of GW190412 as a remnant of a previous black-hole merger
• Constraining the initial mass function of stars in the Galactic Centre
• The Observed Rate of Binary Black Hole Mergers can be Entirely Explained by Globular Clusters
• Avoiding selection bias in gravitational wave astronomy
• Binary black holes mergers from hierarchical triples in open clusters
• Quantum superradiance on static black hole space-times
• Being Careful with the Field Formation Interpretation of GW190412
• Dynamical Formation Scenarios for GW190521 and Prospects for Decihertz Gravitational-Wave Astronomy with GW190521-Like Binaries
• On the orbital and physical parameters of the HDE 226868/Cygnus X-1 binary system

Cited by in corpus (5)

• SuperRad: Modeling the black hole superradiance gravitational waveform
• Improved Analytic Solution of Black Hole Superradiance
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• Search for continuous gravitational wave signals from luminous dark photon superradiance clouds with LVK O3 observations
• Constrains of the axion-like particle from black hole spin superradiance